地面防空网络化作战系统拓扑关系的发现算法研究

地面防空网络作战系统要实现网络成员节点动态接入与退出能力,必须展开网络成员节点拓扑关系发现技术研究.在分析地面防空网络化作战系统通信网络基础上,利用图论中的搜索算法,在应用层上建立地面防空网络化作战系统拓扑关系发现算法,以提供相关问题研究思路.     

地面防空作战部署评估仿真系统设计与实现

地面防空作战部署方案评估是防空作战中非常关键的一环,优良的地面防空作战部署方案是达到合理使用兵力、充分发扬火力、有效抗击空中之敌的重要前提。分析了地面防空作战部署方案评价指标体系,设计了仿真系统功能结构,探讨了仿真系统关键技术,实现了地面防空作战部署方案评估仿真系统,为指战员提供作战辅助决策。     

一种基于区间数的地面防空火力配系评估技术

针对已有评估技术存在的不足,提出了一种基于区间数的地面防空火力配系评估技术。给出了影响防空火力配系的评价指标,建立了权重为区间数的地面防空火力配系综合评价模型,给出了评价其优劣的排序方法。最后通过实例分析验证,该技术评估结果准确,能有效减小误差,对指挥员科学决策具有一定的参考价值。     

国外地面防空火控雷达的现状和发展趋向

现代防空作战任务对地（舰）空导弹、高炮、弹炮结台武器系统中火控雷达的基本要求;现役地面防空火控雷达的现状;未来10年内,地面防空火控雷达的发展趋向。     

基于Petri网的地面防空信息链传输能力分析

以Petri网为工具,构建并优化了地面防空信息链模型.以此为基础,确定优化前后的信息流路径.将平均传输率和连通概率作为评价地面防空信息链传输能力的重要指标,建立数学模型对比分析了优化前后的地面防空信息链的传输能力.结果表明,优化后的地面防空信息链在平均传输率和连通概率方面均优于优化前的地面防空信息链.     

现代防空三坐标雷达技术体制评述

对现代防空三坐标雷达在地面防空和舰艇防空系统中的基本任务和地位作了描述,对雷达各种技术体制（叠层波束、频扫、一维相扫、相频结合等）的优缺点作了分析比较,指出了防空三坐标雷达的发展方向。     

地面防空战斗部署方案评估模型

对地面防空战斗部署方案进行评估是防空作战中非常关键的一环,防空战斗部署主要包括防空兵器战斗部署和情报预警雷达组网部署两部分。首先分析了地面防空兵器战斗部署的评估指标体系,用数学规划的方法对其作战能力进行评估。然后运用开马尔可夫排队网络对情报预警雷达组网部署的空情预警能力进行评估。     

S-400“凯旋”——俄罗斯手中的“爱国者”

也许,人们对20世纪90年代初爆发的海湾战争中“爱国者”在空中追杀“飞毛腿”导弹的情景仍记忆犹新。随着导弹的攻防技术的飞速发展,海湾战争使用的“爱国者”PAC-2型,已不能有效地拦截来袭导弹。由于新型空地导弹采用了隐形技术,从而减小了地面防空系统发现和摧毁来袭导弹的距离。这种形势要求研制一种新型地面防空系统。这种新型地面防空导弹武器系统不仅要能对付远程高空目标,而且还要能对付低空飞行、采用隐形技术、飞行速度快的各种空袭武器(包括战术弹道导弹)。俄罗斯推出的全新S-400“凯旋”,正是这样一种新型防空导弹武器系统。它可能成为21世纪俄罗斯防空导弹的“撒手锏”。     

对抗仿真的地面防空体系作战效能

从地面防空体系作战特点出发,介绍了地面防空体系作战效能仿真系统总体结构.根据作战特点,将地面防空体系作战过程划分为各作战阶段,并分别建立了各作战阶段的作战模型,采用蒙特卡罗方法分析了地面防空体系作战效能,示例表明,作战模型合理,计算结论具有说服力,能够体现现代战争作战特点.     

地面防空火力单元基于D-S理论选择反导防御手段

在现代战争中,飞航导弹发挥了重要作用,取得了巨大的作战效能。地面防空火力单元面临着如何合理使用防御措施、正确选择干扰手段加强对飞航导弹防御的问题。提出一种把基于D-S理论的数据融合技术应用于地面防空火力单元选择干扰手段进行反导防御的方法。结果表明,利用D-S理论可以较好地选择对飞航导弹的干扰手段。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.