履带车辆悬挂系统关键部件疲劳寿命预测技术研究

针对履带车辆悬挂系统关键部件-扭力轴的疲劳寿命预测技术展开研究,首先利用机械系统动力学仿真软件ADAMS建立了悬挂系统多刚体动力学模型, 应用模态集成方法在悬挂多刚体模型中集成扭力轴柔性体,通过添加约束与载荷边界条件,建立悬挂系统刚/柔体耦合模型。通过对典型工况的仿真计算,可以得到扭力轴上每个节点的载荷时间历程与应力时间历程,结合扭力轴的材料特性,并考虑应力集中系数、平均应力修正等各种影响因素,实现悬挂系统扭力轴疲劳寿命的预测。最后将实验结果同仿真结果进行了比较,得到了具有工程意义的结论。     

基于虚拟样机技术的坦克扭力轴疲劳强度分析

采用虚拟样机技术,应用ADAMS软件中的ATV履带车辆工具箱、实体建模软件(SolidWorks)和有限元分析软件(Patran和Nastran),对柔性化的坦克悬挂系统扭力轴在动载荷工况下的疲劳强度进行了分析,找出了扭力轴的薄弱环节。     

自行火炮扭力轴载荷谱的测量及疲劳寿命预测

为预测自行火炮扭力轴寿命,对某型自行火炮在不同工况下进行实车试验,获得了多工况下扭力轴的载荷谱。受力分析表明,表面最大拉应力是扭力轴的破坏应力;提出基于随机响应面对扭力轴寿命进行预测的方法,将低周疲劳寿命表达式中的随机参数表示为标准随机变量,引人随机响应的Hermite多项展开式进行拟合,建立了扭力轴疲劳寿命的显式函数。通过对实测载荷谱进行统计分析,依据寿命表达式可以预测扭力轴疲劳寿命,并给出概率分布。该方法弥补了传统响应面法以一般多项式拟合时不能保证收敛性的缺陷。     

虚拟导弹发射车动力学仿真模型研究

分别建立了全尺寸的全刚体和刚柔混合的导弹发射车虚拟样机,对导弹发射车进行了随机路面行驶以及过沟、越障的动力学仿真计算。仿真结果表明,该虚拟样机建模方法正确,能为导弹发射车的动力学特性研究提供参考。     

某型车辆扭力轴疲劳断裂失效分析

某型车辆扭力轴在端部附近易发生早期疲劳断裂失效。通过断口分析、金相分析等方法研究了扭力轴的失效机理,并通过有限元建模进行了扭力轴的结构应力分析。结果表明:扭力轴端部存在疲劳断裂危险面,以及次表层蕴含大尺寸夹杂是扭力轴失效的主要原因。     

舵机减速机构动力学仿真与振动特性研究

鱼雷在运输和实航时环境复杂,会遇到各种外界激振源的影响,使舵机减速机构的传动精度降低,从而影响整个系统的制导精度和可靠性。以三级行星齿轮和蜗轮蜗杆减速机构为研究对象,建立动力学虚拟仿真模型,采用有限元分析法对其进行模态分析,得出固有频率和振型;将随机载荷的功率谱密度函数作为输入进行随机振动分析,仿真结果表明,舵机减速机构的输入轴、一级太阳轮齿以及蜗轮蜗杆啮合处所受振动量级较大,设计时需重点关注。     

基于ADAMS的某榴弹发射器虚拟样机仿真及其动力学特性分析

用Pro/E建立某自动榴弹发射器的三维实体模型,并通过Mechanism/Pro模块将其导入到多体动力学仿真软件ADAMS中,通过对其各个部件施加约束、运动和力,建立了该发射器的虚拟样机模型.利用该虚拟样机模型,结合实验数据和理论数据对榴弹发射器系统进行了单发和连发射击时仿真结果的对比,证明了虚拟样机的可信性,以虚拟样机为工具,分析了发射器系统射击时的动力学特性,得出了一些有价值的结论.     

火炮虚拟随机试验技术

为了实现装备的虚拟随机试验,运用虚拟样机技术和多刚体理论,建立了火炮系统动力学模型;基于模型考虑装备系统结构及参数的随机性、离散性,将随机模拟方法与虚拟试验技术结合,借助MSC\Insight模块开发了火炮虚拟随机试验平台。基于平台进行了火炮虚拟试验,并对实验结果进行了统计分析,实现了装备行为特征的有效模拟。     

基于虚拟样机的导弹落点精度

提出一种研究导弹落点精度的仿真方法.在ADAMS/View中建立导弹虚拟样机,在MATLAB中设计控制算法并构建模块化的仿真系统.研究影响导弹落点精度的随机扰动变量,确定它们的分布规律,产生随机扰动变量的样本并添加到所建立的模型中.通过ADAMS/Controls模块实现虚拟样机和控制系统之间的接口,进行机电联合仿真和模拟打靶.分析仿真结果,评定导弹落点精度.这种方法实质上是蒙特卡罗法,但用虚拟样机代替了传统上使用的数学模型,以增加模型的可信度.     

虚拟膝关节镜手术仿真系统的关键技术研究

虚拟手术仿真系统是医学仿真训练的有力工具,在医学教育领域有很好的应用前景。结合虚拟膝关节镜手术系统开发中的实际经验,介绍了系统开发过程中的几何建模、形变计算、力反馈与场景特效处理等关键技术与模拟仿真效果;文中的技术可推广应用到其他虚拟手术仿真系统的开发中。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.