美军采办项目的采办策略分析

采办策略是美军针对具体采办项目强制规定的覆盖整个项目寿命周期的纲领性文件,对于保障在资源限制条件下达成项目采办目标具有重要的意义。本文首先分析了采办策略的概念,随后研究了采办策略的主要内容、与采办管理周期的匹配要求,最后提出了对我军装备采办改革的启示。     

军用飞机服役过程的风险管理

墨菲定理指出系统危险源必然引发事故,海恩法则强调事故发生是量的积累,因此欲提高飞机这种高风险系统的服役安全就必须展开风险管理。风险管理是安全管理的重要组成部分,系统安全性理论是安全管理的基础,在对系统安全性进行定义、明确目标和组成的基础上,建立了一种适用于飞机服役过程的风险管理模型,并分析了其风险控制步骤,对于飞机服役过程的风险管理有一定的指导意义。     

Defense spending and economic growth across the Taiwan straits: a threshold regression model

This paper employs both linear and non‐linear models to investigate the relationship between national defense spending and economic growth for Taiwan and China. Using data from 1953–2000 on defense spending, GDP, import, export and capital, we find that China's defense spending leads that of Taiwan. There exists the phenomenon of an arms race between both countries when official Chinese data are used. On the one hand, feedback relations prevail between economic growth and defense spending growth in Taiwan. On the other hand, China's national defense is found to lead economic growth.     

A note on the financial condition of defense contractors

In recent years, there have been several changes in the weapon‐system acquisition market which have the potential to negatively impact the financial condition of defense contractors. This study evaluates the financial health of defense firms vis‐a‐vis nondefense firms using a fiscal distress identification model developed by E.I. Altman. We conclude that the financial condition of defense firms has deteriorated but the deterioration is the same as experienced by nondefense firms.     

Reforming China’s defense industry

ABSTRACT

Even with sizable economic inputs, access to foreign technologies, and considerable political will, China, up until the late 1990s, experienced only limited success when it came to the local design, development, and manufacture of advanced conventional weapons. Not surprisingly, therefore, reforming the local defense industry in order to upgrade its technology base and manufacturing capabilities and to make armaments production more efficient and cost-effective has long preoccupied the Chinese leadership. The fact that most of these efforts had little positive impact on the country’s military technological and industrial capabilities only encouraged Beijing to experiment with additional reforms in the hopes of finally getting it right.     

‘I have seen the future and it works’: The US defence industry transformation – lessons for the UK defence industrial base

The US has embarked upon a major transformation of its approach to defence industrial base planning. Although bureaucratic and industrial inertia, as well as budgetary constraints, may delay transformation, its effects will lead to radical changes in the US defence industrial base with new entrants and new combinations of players. The UK, with more modest defence ambitions, capabilities and budget, will seek to keep in touch with the US. However, a commercially‐led drive to embed UK industry even more deeply in the US defence market could be the last step in creating a largely US–UK North Atlantic relationship, with much of Europe very much a subsidiary business concern. This contains a risk that the UK will become increasingly dependent on the US for design and integration of major systems and national defence industrial capability focused on a limited number of niche technologies.     

Challenges of institutional coordination in complex defense acquisition programs: the case of the Republic of Korea’s F-X program

Decision-making in defense acquisition programs in the Republic of Korea (ROK) has been problematic, especially in highly advanced complex systems. The highly disputed force modernization program for the ROK Air Force’s fifth-generation fighter, dubbed the Fighter eXperiment, went through extreme turbulence during the type selection phase. The gist of the turbulence became evident through poor institutional coordination within the defense acquisition authorities that eventually forced them to rescind the decision generated from their own yearlong efforts, thus basically shooting themselves on the foot. The paper highlights the background of the program and reviews the institutional elements that influenced the decision-making process, and conclude that the absence of an effective coordination mechanism has made decision-making in complex defense programs even more troublesome.     

美军装备采办合同管理及其标准化

在我军武器装备建设逐渐\"以计划为主要管理方式和手段\"向\"以合同为主要管理方式和手段\"转变的背景下,装备采购合同管理的研究日趋深入。而装备采购合同\"行政合同\"的性质及合同标的物复杂性的特点,进一步凸显了标准化在保证装备采购合同规范性、降低不确定性、减少交易成本和提高工作效率中的重要作用。文章在对美军装备采办合同管理标准化特点与经验详细分析和提炼的基础上,对比我军装备采购合同管理体制及标准化现状,有针对性的提出了装备采购合同管理标准化建议,梳理了标准化重点,并为日后时机成熟时制定适用于装备采购合同管理的相关标准或指南,奠定了一定的研究基础。     

基于Sobol’法的歼击机需求影响因素灵敏度分析

针对歼击机需求确定影响因素众多、传统分析方法仅能进行定性分析的问题,提出了基于Sobol’法的歼击机需求影响因素灵敏度分析方法。在构建了歼击机需求确定模型的基础上,提出了基于Sobol’法的歼击机需求确定模型参数灵敏度分析步骤,并结合算例验证了方法的可行性和有效性。分析结果表明:我方拟夺取空中优势等级的概率、敌方出动歼击机的数量和敌我双方歼击机作战效能的比值对歼击机需求的影响较大,战术运用系数、协同作战系数和管理优劣系数的影响微乎其微。     

制订科学的预防维修大纲加速维修管理科学化

本文探讨了欧洲国家维修团体联盟(EFNMS)第十次学术会议的主题——“维修——为了未来的投资”的意义和内涵.在此基础上,重点介绍了为获取此种投资效益所必需制订的预防维修大纲的方法及其理论依据.     

Hardening the Hard,Softening the Soft: Assertiveness and China’s Regional Strategy

There is a growing view that the emerging brand of Chinese regional diplomacy in recent years is increasingly assertive. This article attempts to make better sense of this perceived more forceful Chinese diplomacy. It argues that Chinese regional behavior is more profitably understood through the lens of a two-pronged foreign policy strategy that combines two particular aspects. One is a tougher and more uncompromising approach toward issues that China regards as concerning its core interests. The other is a more flexible and cooperative position toward interests that, while significant, are of secondary importance.     

舰艇智能化管理系统探讨

针对舰艇装备自动化程度的日益提高 ,结合智能化管理系统 ,在具体分析舰艇各个系统的基础上 ,采用结构优化模式 ,提出了总体结构方案 ,并对关键技术的应用加以讨论     

China’s Search for a ‘Strategic Air Force’

Once dismissed by many outside observers, the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) has undergone an impressive transformation over the past two decades, emerging as one of the world’s premier air forces. As it continues to modernize, it is focused on becoming a ‘strategic air force.’ PLAAF strategists suggest this means it should play a decisive role in protecting Chinese national interests, field modern capabilities commensurate with China’s standing as a major power, and enjoy the institutional status befitting its role as a ‘strategic service,’ an important consideration given the historical dominance of the ground force in China’s military.     

Simultaneous production of market‐specific and global products: A two‐stage stochastic program with additional demand after recourse

This paper analyzes the simultaneous production of market‐specific products tailored to the needs of individual regions and a global product that could be sold in many regions. We assume that the global product costs more to manufacture, but allows the decision concerning the allocation of products to regions to be delayed until after the manufacturing process has been completed. We further assume that there is additional demand after the region allocation but prior to delivery, extending the two‐stage stochastic program with recourse to include additional stochastic demand after the recourse. This scenario arises, for example, when there is additional uncertainty during a delivery delay which might occur with transoceanic shipments. We develop conditions for optimality assuming a single build‐allocate‐deliver cycle and stochastic demand during both the build and deliver periods. The optimal policy calls for the simultaneous production of market‐specific and global products, even when the global product is substantially more costly than the market‐specific product. In addition, we develop bounds on the performance of the optimal policy for the multicycle problem. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 50: 438–461, 2003     

大型复杂装备研制项目群风险管理研究

为有效避免研制项目出现\"拖、降、涨\"等恶性现象,大型复杂装备研制多采用项目群管理模式,由于同时开放了风险环境,增强了子项目间的复杂交互,使得研制项目群风险管理成为制约项目研制成功率的关键因素。目前装备研制风险管理研究以及项目群风险管理研究多是从静态或局部的角度来展开,虽然也有数值仿真方面的研究,但是对不同风险因素间的动态交互行为,及其进而造成的风险动态演化机制缺乏系统的分析,于是项目群风险演化动力学问题成为下一步的重要研究方向。     

简论故意泄漏国家秘密罪

为完善国家秘密保护法律制度,现行《刑法》规定了故意泄漏国家秘密罪。在司法实践中,需严格把握本罪的构成要件,并以此为基础,准确区分此罪与彼罪,正确施以刑罚。     

装备采办风险管理风险源分析

装备采办各个阶段都存在着不确定的因素,为加强风险管理,重点研究了在武器装备采办过程中可能出现的13个风险区域,并对各个风险区域可能出现的风险源进行了较为详细的分析。同时详细研究了辨识风险的4种方法,即基于工作分解结构的风险辨识方法、基于项目评审的风险辨识方法、基于费用分析的风险辨识方法和基于试验与评价的风险辨识方法。