航天侦查情报保障能力需求产生系统设计

开发航天侦查情报能力需求产生系统是实现需求论证工程化的重要环节,是提高装备需求论证质量与效率的有效手段。通过对航天侦查情报能力需求系统特点和功能需求进行分析,明确了系统设计框架;设计了软件系统功能结构和数据库模型,为航天侦察情报保障能力需求产生提供了技术支撑。     

印度的“三位一体”侦察预警系统

近年来,为适应现代化高技术战争的需要,印度越来越重视侦察预警能力的建设。经过多年努力,印度已初步建立起由航天、航空和地面组成的“三位一体”侦察预警系统,具备了较强的侦察预警和情报传递能力。     

智能主体在侦察情报模拟仿真中的应用

针对侦察机构的特点,将智能主体(Agent)的理论应用于侦察模拟训练系统的开发。分析了侦察机构的能力组成,将侦察机构的能力分为六个部分:智能能力;侦察能力;机动能力;通信能力;隐蔽能力;作战能力。在此基础上提出侦察机构智能主体的结构和系统体系结构。经开发原型系统验证,模拟系统可以正确的反应战场上侦察机构的功能和特性,该方法可以满足侦察参谋的情报处理训练、侦察效能和侦察战法研究的需要。     

美军情报战战法分析

介绍美军航天/航空/地面侦察等构成的空间、航空、地面"三位一体"全方位的情报网络.详述了美军情报搜集主要特点,即海陆空天综合一体的情报搜集、广泛设置处理机构和分散式的情报处理、实时互通的情报传递.详述和归纳了美军情报战的主要战法,即航天/航空侦察、无人机侦察等手段抢占太空制高点,以及探测覆盖全空域的重要特点.文章强调,现代高技术背景下的情报战,占领"太空、信息、情报"三大制高点刻不容缓.     

基于复合CBR的炮兵侦察情报处理系统模型研究

本文针对当前炮兵侦察情报处理系统工作现状,指出了现有侦察情报处理系统所存在的问题和局限性,利用人工智能中的基于案例推理技术,建立起基于复合案例推理的炮兵侦察情报处理系统的模型。该模型详细地描述了炮兵侦察情报处理过程,克服了现有基于规则推理系统不易扩展和修改的弊端,具备更好的处理效果。     

海上侦察监视无人机发展趋势

使用无人机对海上进行广域侦察监视是有效获取海空情报资源、掌握海上战场态势、维护海洋权益的重要手段.本文从无人机模块化载荷设计、情报自动处理能力、互操作技术等三个方面分析了海上侦察监视无人机关键技术的发展趋势;从装备性能、机体结构、功能应用等三个方面阐述了海上侦察监视无人机装备建设的发展趋势;从协同式侦察、自主式侦察和联...     

联合作战条件下炮兵侦察情报保障管窥

可靠的情报保障是实施正确指挥的基础,战场上的斗智赛谋,必须以准确的情报为前提.未来联合作战条件下,战场情况变化复杂,使得侦察情报获取更加困难,传统的炮兵侦察方法和手段难以满足作战的需求,因此必须寻求新的方法和手段,综合运用各种侦察技术,建立情报获取、传递、处理一体的侦察情报保障体系.     

一种航天侦察任务的关联度分析与去冗余方法

针对航天侦察需求响应中可能存在的任务重复产生问题,综合考虑任务的需求来源、质量要求、时间偏好及空间范围,提出一种基于任务关联度的任务冗余分析方法。首先,对航天侦察的相关要素进行分析度量,给出了基于四类要素的任务关联度计算方法,然后提出了通过任务之间的关联度来降低可替代任务产生概率的具体算法,进一步考虑了准确优先、公平优先以及混合等不同情况下的冗余度计算方法,最后,给出一个应用示例,说明所述分析方法的有效性。研究结果表明,该方法具有良好通用性,可为航天侦察任务的预处理提供有效支持。     

航天侦察任务的关联度分析与去冗余方法

针对航天侦察需求响应中可能存在的任务重复产生问题,综合考虑任务的需求来源、质量要求、时间偏好及空间范围,提出一种基于任务关联度的任务冗余分析方法。对航天侦察的相关要素进行分析度量,给出了基于4类要素的任务关联度计算方法,提出了通过任务之间的关联度来降低可替代任务产生概率的具体算法,考虑了准确优先、公平优先以及混合等不同情况下的冗余度计算方法,给出一个应用示例,说明所述分析方法的有效性。研究结果表明,该方法具有良好的通用性,可为航天侦察任务的预处理提供有效支持。     

面向装备发展的作战能力需求产生系统构建

作战能力需求产生是武器装备作战需求论证的关键环节。本文论述了作战能力需求产生系统的科学内涵、基本构成和主要内容，阐明了构建我军作战能力需求产生系统的主要原因、时代背景和重要意义，探讨了构建该系统应具备的主要条件与相应策略。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.