对抗条件下防空武器系统效能评估

空袭和防空是对立存在的。针对现有防空武器系统作战效能评估模型的不足,指出了研究攻防对抗条件下评估防空武器系统作战效能的必要性。通过对防空武器系统与空袭敌机攻防对抗过程的分析,建立了攻防对抗条件下防空武器系统的效能评估模型,借助计算机仿真证明了该模型符合实际作战情况,具有较高的置信度,是对传统防空武器系统效能评估方法的一种完善和补充。     

基于物元模型-AHP的联合电子防空作战效能评估

针对现代防空作战训练中联合电子防空作战效能评估的问题,引入物元模型,并结合层次分析法(AHP)提出了基于物元模型-AHP的联合电子防空作战效能评估方法.以某次复杂电磁环境下联合电子防空演习任务为背景,建立了作战效能评估指标体系和评估模型,给出了评估模型的仿真算例,结果表明,该方法在联合电子防空作战的效能评估中是可行和有...     

防空反导作战指控模型校核验证及评估

防空反导作战指控系统是构建防空反导一体化网络化体系的核心,建模仿真是研究该系统的有效方法,建立的模型是否真实可靠是研究成败的关键。在分析国内外对复杂仿真系统特别是作战仿真系统的VVA的基础上,根据防空反导作战指控进程及其模型的特点,从需求定义、概念模型、数学模型、仿真模型4个方面对防空反导作战指控模型进行校核验证及评估的思路分析。这对防空反导作战指控系统的研究发展具有重大意义。     

应对多批次目标的单舰防空作战效能评估模型

针对单舰防空系统拦截多批次目标这一事件,采用改进的AAM模型对其作战能力进行了评估。模型中提出再就绪能力的新概念,作为评定系统连续作战的一个重要指标。仿真结果表明所建模型客观地反映了防空系统对来袭目标攻击的实质,验证了再就绪能力对作战效能的影响。     

网络化防空反导体系的作战过程建模与仿真

网络中心战背景下的网络化防空反导体系的作战过程复杂,目前国内外对其建模与仿真的研究尚处于探索阶段。介绍了网络化防空反导体系的典型作战特点,分别从目标、武器和指控三个角度开发了网络化防空反导体系的作战模型,并设计了接力制导的仿真实验案例,实验结果体现了网络化防空反导体系的作战过程,对防空反导体系的效能仿真具有一定的推动作用。     

地面防空作战部署评估仿真系统设计与实现

地面防空作战部署方案评估是防空作战中非常关键的一环,优良的地面防空作战部署方案是达到合理使用兵力、充分发扬火力、有效抗击空中之敌的重要前提。分析了地面防空作战部署方案评价指标体系,设计了仿真系统功能结构,探讨了仿真系统关键技术,实现了地面防空作战部署方案评估仿真系统,为指战员提供作战辅助决策。     

基于SEA的舰载C3I系统防空作战效能评估模型

现代海战中,空中目标对舰艇的威胁越来越大,舰艇的防空作战能力已成为衡量其综合作战能力的主要指标。而C3I系统作为舰艇的指挥中枢,其性能直接决定着舰艇防空作战的成败。根据现代海战中空中目标的武器作战使用方式,并针对SEA方法的要求,提出了评估C3I系统在防空作战时系统效能的三个主要性能量度(MOP),通过分析C3I系统在防空作战时的特点,建立了评估C3I系统防空作战效能的SEA方法模型。并利用该模型比较了不同的C3I系统的作战效能,对结果进行了简要分析,证明了SEA方法模型对舰载防空C3I系统进行效能评估的可行性。     

改进的防空导弹武器系统作战效能评估模型北大核心

针对当前防空导弹武器系统作战效能评估模型的局限性,运用排队论基本原理,基于目标有限等待和差错服务,构建了改进的作战效能评估模型,并应用该模型进行了验证计算。结果表明,防空导弹的飞行速度、杀伤区远界和每次射击击毁概率是影响防空导弹武器系统作战效能的主要因素,对于优化防空兵力部署、改进武器系统性能具有一定的参考价值。     

高炮防空作战可视化仿真系统设计与实现

为了研究高炮武器系统的防空作战能力,开发了人在回路的飞行控制模型,对高炮武器系统进行了建模与设计,对弹目碰撞检测算法进行了优化,设计实现了基于MATLAB/Simulink和VRML的高炮防空作战虚拟仿真系统,能够对整个防空作战过程进行三维动态演示并评估高炮防空作战的毁歼概率。仿真系统采用模块化设计,并结合了VRML三维建模能力和MATLAB数据计算能力的优势,便于系统的功能扩展和模型重用。仿真结果验证了系统的合理性和实用性。     

基于串联模型框架的目标威胁评估

针对防空武器系统防空作战特点,在对目标威胁程度影响因素分析的基础之上,运用模糊理论和多模型理论探索目标威胁评估问题。设计了一种基于串联模型框架的目标威胁评估方法,该方法采用3个基本模型,基于串联系统思想,经模糊推理融合,得到空中来袭目标的威胁程度。该评估方法层次分明、直观有效,能够较好地满足海上对空防御作战中对目标威胁评估的需要,为舰指挥员决策和防空武器系统火力分配提供一定的依据。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.