指挥自动化系统现状与发展趋势

研究了美、俄、日等国军队指挥自动化系统的现状及发展趋势,着重介绍了美军的战略指挥控制系统与战术指挥控制系统、情报侦察与预警探测系统、通信系统、电子战系统.强调目前典型的指挥自动化系统就是上述系统有机结合的整体.分析了我军指挥自动化系统的发展需求,提出了系统对策与建议.     

美军推进人工智能军事应用的举措、挑战及启示

人工智能技术的发展加速了军事智能化的脚步。本文分析了美军在推进人工智能军事应用方面采取的一系列举措，如注重国家战略层面的顶层设计，出台一系列智能化发展战略规划；部署各类军事智能化研究项目，开展大数据、智能算法研究，促进人工智能技术向情报处理、无人作战平台、指挥控制、武器装备系统、作战方式变革的渗透转化；重视智能化技术的基础理论研究和人才培养，聚焦核心和关键技术的突破，夯实军事智能化发展的基础。阐述了美军在推进人工智能军事应用进程中面临的来自技术、信任、伦理等多方面的挑战，并从成熟算法民转军用、寻求认知智能算法突破、培养军事智能化复合型人才等角度提出几点启示。     

升级换代的美军通信卫星

自上世纪60年代卫星通信进入实用阶段以来,军事通信装备的身影开始在太空出现。1991年爆发的海湾战争是军用卫星通信发展史上的一个转折点。那次战争被认为是第一次信息化战争,以美军为首的多国联军在战争中传输的信息量大得惊人,其中70％～80％是经由卫星传输的,因此,通信卫星一跃而成为美军战时通信的主力。此后,美军对通信卫星的倚重与日俱增。无论是美军中央司令部弗兰克斯司令坐镇本土、越洋指挥阿富汗战争,还是“捕食者”无人机从海外向国内传送战场图像,离开     

陆军指挥训练信息系统需求分析?

基于指挥训练信息系统组织部队进行实战化指挥训练，对促进部队从机械化向信息化转型条件下指挥训练方法手段的创新发展具有重要意义。按照观念新、角度新、应用新的思路，从军事需求、目标要求、应用需求和功能需求完成对新的陆军指挥训练信息系统建设需求分析研究。首先分析了当前陆军指挥训练信息系统建设方面存在的问题，结合陆军部队转型建设的需要，从模型体系构建、精确裁决评估、蓝军系统模拟以及仿真技术应用与集成方面提出了建设重点。从支持合成指挥训练、全要素指挥训练、要素演练和参与联合指挥训练等方面分析了应用需求。最后，从作战仿真、训练导调、训练监控、指挥控制、数据采集和裁决评估分析了系统的功能需求。     

军事通信卫星及其下行链路性能研究

随着航天技术、数字通信技术、信息安全技术等的发展,一些军事大国恣意进行空间“武器化”,掌握“制天权”,对他国的安全构成严重的威胁。介绍了军事通信卫星及其优缺点,以及在现代战争中的应用,并对军事通信卫星的下行链路进行有效干扰的一些性能数据进行了分析和计算机仿真。     

美军红队评估体系建设现状及启示

本文简单介绍了美军红队的组建背景和红队评估体系的构成以及美军红队评估的应用,分析了红队人员的能力需求及训练,探讨了红队评估的军事价值和发展趋势,提出了美军红队评估对军队模拟蓝军建设的启示。     

地面无人装备对未来陆战的影响及对策

当前，地面无人装备作为多能合一的新质作战力量，已成为世界各军事强国发展的重点，对未来陆战形态影响深远。为准确把握地面无人装备对陆战的影响及未来陆战形态发展趋势，本文首先通过对地面无人装备的发展现状及在研项目的分析，分析装备能力的发展趋势以及可担负的作战任务；其次，从颠覆战场形态、改变作战方式及影响指挥控制方式三个方面阐述了地面无人装备给未来陆战带来的影响；再次，从无人化技术、作战样式及指挥决策三个方面对未来陆战形态的演进进行分析；最后为应对未来陆战变革带来的机遇与挑战，从军事需求、技术发展、优势保持及人才培养四个方面提出了对策与建议，具有一定的理论研究意义。     

太空武器系列之二: 军用卫星

军用卫星系统作为航天武器系统的重要组成部分,在未来争夺制信息权的斗争中将发挥越来越大的作用.如果把运载火箭称为人类登天的“天梯”。那么军用卫星则可称之为“千里眼”、“顺风耳”。除人们熟悉的气象卫星、侦察卫星、通信卫星外.还有预警卫星和导航卫星等,它们“巡天遥看”,各司其职,对现代战争和未来军事发展产生着重要影响。作战“神经网络”:通信卫星通信卫星具有通信距离远、容量大、质量高、抗干扰能力强、安全可靠等优点。目前,一些大国和军事集团利用卫星完成的军事通信约占总军事通信量的80%。卫星通信已经成为其军事情报、指挥、控制与通信一体化大系统的“神经网络”。通信卫星系统主要支持5种类型的接收机:固定式、车载式、便携式、机载式和舰     

防空反导智能指控系统作战需求研究

军事智能化的核心应用是实现指挥控制的智能化,防空反导作战的复杂性、时敏性、高对抗性、不确定性等特点尤为突出,需要智能化"指挥员"辅助指挥员决策。在分析传统防空反导指挥控制系统存在问题的基础上,探讨智能指挥控制系统发展需求面临的挑战以及发展趋势,为未来防空反导智能指挥控制系统发展奠定基础。     

美“海军一体化火力控制--制空”能力发展现状与启示

美“海军一体化火力控制－制空”（ NIFC－CA）是美军海上盾牌防御体系概念的重要组成部分。该体系经过多年的发展已初见成效。首先，对美“海军一体化火力控制———制空”的基本概念及内涵进行了阐述，对其主要组成CEC、E－2D预警机、宙斯盾系统及标准－6舰空导弹在防御体系中的功能进行了分析；然后，介绍了美NIFC－CA的6种主要指挥控制模式，并对其协同指挥决策模式进行了分析，得出了指挥决策分布处理的特点；最后，总结了美NIFC－CA发展对我海军海上防御力量发展建设的启示。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.