一种近空间飞行器整数规划复合控制分配方法北大核心

以近空间飞行器直/气异构复合控制为应用背景,针对常见复合控制分配方法没有考虑执行机构的异构特性差异,导致实际控制效果难以达到期望效果,以及姿态震荡和RCS能量消耗都较大的技术难题,提出了一种基于整数规划策略的复合控制分配方案。该方法将直/气复合控制分配的RCS力矩实现问题转为一个0-1整数规划问题,能有效解决异构执行机构的控制分配问题。仿真结果表明,该方法能有效降低能量消耗和姿态震荡。     

拦截高速机动目标的捕获区及微分对策导引律

针对高速机动目标拦截场景,研究末制导段捕获区存在条件及微分对策导引律问题。建立弹目相对运动模型并引入控制动力学模型,采用终端投影方法对相对运动模型进行降阶处理;基于微分对策理论推导一种解析形式捕获区,并具体到直/气复合控制导弹对机动目标的拦截中,该捕获区的存在能够保证对任意机动目标进行准确捕获;重新选取性能指标,将目标与直/气复合控制导弹在末端带有碰撞角约束的制导问题转化为零和微分对策问题,并求解出弹目最优拦截策略。仿真分析了几种情形下直/气复合控制导弹对目标实施拦截的捕获区存在域,导引律仿真结果表明微分对策导引律在对高速机动目标进行拦截时具有优良性能。     

大姿控力矩直/气复合控制方法研究

为使拦截弹拦截高速机动目标时,具有快速产生较大过载的能力,提出一种直接力/气动力复合控制方法。该方法采用大姿控力矩,能够快速建立拦截弹的攻角。理论计算了引入直接力提升导弹过载响应性能的能力,对比分析了纯气动力控制和直/气复合控制过载响应能力,仿真结果表明,采用纯气动力控制很难大幅提升系统过载响应速度,而利用大姿控力矩直/气复合控制,系统过载响应速度能够显著提升,使控制效果达到最优。     

大气层内燃气动力与气动力复合控制方法探讨

对采用燃气动力(直接力)与气动力复合控制技术的控制方式、姿控发动机控制周期、点火逻辑及姿控发动机启控策略等进行了初步探讨。重点对采用燃气动力/气动力复合控制方式中舵系统的工作模式进行了探讨及仿真研究,对姿控发动机控制周期及控制回路工作周期对制导精度的影响进行了初步仿真研究。通过仿真研究表明:在末制导阶段,采用燃气动力/气动力复合控制方式可提高导弹的快速性,进而提高导弹的制导控制精度。     

气动力/推力矢量复合控制空空导弹最佳转弯规律

针对气动力/推力矢量复合控制空空导弹大离轴角发射的快速转弯问题,根据bang-bang控制理论,给出了导弹终端弹道角受限情况下,以最大末速为性能指标的最佳转弯规律.针对空空导弹纯气动力控制和复合控制两种情况,分别进行了初制导弹道的设计和仿真.结果显示,在中空低速发射时,采用后者转弯性能明显高于纯气动力控制导弹,而当初速高于1.2 Ma时,二者转弯性能非常接近.     

基于直\气复合的再入飞行器操纵耦合分析及鲁椿控制设计

为保证再入飞行器在剧烈变化飞行环境下的控制能力,传统单一气动舵面控制被直＼气复合控制模式取代.性能提升同时,多个参与飞行控制的执行机构之间引起的操纵耦合使系统耦合加剧.以再入飞行器为研究重点,分析了直＼气复合控制模式下的两类操纵耦合原理,建立数学模型.采用动态逆,模糊理论和变结构方法相结合策略设计鲁棒控制器.仿真结果表明该方法是行之有效的.     

直接力/气动力复合控制系统的有限时间镇定

考虑到复合控制系统中,直接力的离散特性会使系统的设计复杂化。针对采用姿控式直/气复合控制的导弹,基于有限时间稳定理论,引入辅助滑模面,研究其控制系统的有限时间镇定,得到一个受控良好的复合控制系统。在此基础上,利用辅助模糊控制,对系统不确定性进行估计,进一步改善了复合系统的控制品质。最后以俯仰通道为例,对所提出的方法进行仿真,结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

卫星天线指向复合控制全物理仿真与试验分析

卫星天线指向复合控制全物理仿真系统是验证多体卫星天线指向复合控制方案的关键设备.首先从力学的角度研究了该系统试验时影响天线指向与定点控制精度的几个不理想因素,并对系统的误差进行了分析和研究,得出了其误差模型,在此基础上设计了自适应控制律并对其进行了稳定性证明.最后对该系统进行了仿真,给出了仿真结果.结果表明该系统可以满足高精度天线指向复合控制要求.为进一步提高卫星天线指向复合控制全物理仿真精度奠定了基础.     

空气动力和直接侧向力复合控制的拦截弹飞行力学及稳定回路模型

以大气层低层拦截导弹为研究对象,建立了飞行力学模型,进行了空气动力与力矩燃气动力的复合控制回路分析设计,进行了实例计算与仿真。     

导弹复合控制系统的自适应控制器设计

针对大气层内导弹过载能力较弱,响应速度过慢的情况,提出了一种姿控式直/气复合控制方法。采用滑模控制的方法来设计气动力系统,目的是在保障复合系统稳定的前提下,提高系统的过载能力以及响应速度。由于滑模控制的引用对复合控制系统造成一定的抖动影响,在此基础上采用自适应控制的方法,对其进行补偿。针对直接力控制采用模糊控制方法,控制导弹脉冲发动机的开启,提高燃料的使用效率。仿真结果表明,该控制系统响应速度较快且稳定,验证了本设计方法的有效性。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.