单平台纯方位信息的水面编队目标运动要素解算

基于实际背景需求,针对单平台纯方位水面编队目标运动要素解算问题,从可观测性、观测平台机动及解算模型三方面作了探讨.利用线性系统可观测理论,基于伪线性量测方程对编队目标运动要素的可观测性进行了研究,给出了可观测条件.以Fisher信息阵行列式为性能指标,探讨了观测平台最优机动的理论轨线和工程轨线形状.给出了3种编队目标运动要素解算模型,并进行了仿真比较分析.研究结论和仿真结果表明:水下单平台基于纯方位解算编队目标运动要素,自身必须作有效机动,可以采用单目标运动要素解算的最佳机动策略;提出的联合解算模型的效果显著好于已有的两种模型.     

基于方位和多普勒频移的目标机动检测方法研究

研究目标在机动前后均做匀速直线运动,在某一时刻做折线机动的机动目标跟踪检测问题。根据被动观测器测得目标方位和多普勒频移信息,结合方位、多普勒频移测量条件下目标跟踪的特点,建立了基于方位和多普勒频移的要素解算模型,提出了基于要素解算结果的机动检测方法,给出了机动时刻的估计算法,并进行了仿真计算,验证了此方法的有效性。     

基于灰色系统理论的目标方位估算及应用

针对潜艇作战过程中依据目标方位变化判断战场态势的军事需求,根据灰色系统理论,以实测目标方位序列为原始数据,建立GM(1,1)模型,深入挖掘其内在规律性,对目标方位序列的变化趋势进行科学分析,并估算未来时刻目标方位,用于战术态势判断、检验目标运动要素解算和战术绘算的准确性,以及干预目标运动要素解算,以期望利用有限的数据,获得最大限度的信息,为潜艇指挥员提供决策支持。     

基于方位-频率解算目标运动要素的航路选择

基于方位-频率解算目标运动要素解算方法可实现水下观测平台不机动解算目标运动要素,但接敌航路仍影响目标运动要素解算精度及平台隐蔽性。建立了方位-频率目标定位模型,通过仿真分析了不同初始目标舷角下,水下观测平台采用不同接敌航路情况下目标运动要素解算收敛速度和精度,并从保持水下观察平台隐蔽性的角度,探究了不同初始态势下应选择的航路。     

利用会聚区隐蔽解算目标运动要素的方法

在浅海,当被动声纳探测到目标后,由于舰艇间不断的运动,测得的目标方位随时间的不同而不断地发生变化,利用目标方位的变化,通过纯方位法和滤波估计等方法可解算出目标的运动要素.当声纳利用深海会聚区的声学效应在远距离上探测到目标时,因舰艇被动声纳在隐蔽条件下往往只能测得目标的方位,此时的目标方位随着时间的不同变化很小,难以利用浅海的解算方法求出目标的运动要素.为解决这一问题,基于对深海会聚区声学效应的分析,提出了利用会聚区宽度等特点,采用本舰艇合理机动的方式,来求解目标的运动要素的方法.通过对本舰艇各种可能机动方式的建模和计算机仿真计算的结果可见,该方法可行,且在第一、第二会聚区效果明显.     

声纳特征信息在潜艇信息综合处理中的应用研究

提出将声纳目标特征信息引入潜艇指控信息综合处理架构,通过分析声纳目标波束域信息特性及存在形式,提出了波束域特征辅助的信息融合、基于波束域信息中线谱、干涉结构的目标运动要素解算等技术,并通过实验室仿真计算和海上试验验证了算法的效能,解决了断续目标航迹融合、本艇不机动情况下的目标运动要素解算等问题,提高了多目标关联判断正确率,缩短了解算收敛时间,具备较强的工程可实现性。     

潜艇不机动纯方位解算编队目标运动要素方法

针对单艘潜艇纯方位目标定位必须潜艇机动才能使算法收敛的问题,首次采用几何分析法研究了潜艇不机动情况下,解算编队目标运动要素的方法;然后,基于最小二乘法,给出了具体的解算模型,并给定态势,进行实例仿真。证明该算法能够满足潜艇隐蔽对编队目标定位的需要,进一步丰富了潜艇纯方位目标定位方法。     

鱼雷纯方位攻击提前角优化分析

鱼雷纯方位攻击是潜艇因无法解算目标运动要素时,依靠方位变化对目标实施快速鱼雷攻击的一种方法。鱼雷命中概率是武器装备研究和作战使用研究的重要内容,也是鱼雷武器作战效能评估的主要依据。通过分析自导鱼雷纯方位攻击的使用过程,建立了相应的数学和仿真模型,并采用大样本仿真的方法,得出不同情况下鱼雷攻击提前角的最优解。     

仅方位条件下来袭鱼雷弹道预测方法研究

根据来袭鱼雷方位信息和来袭鱼雷运动要素之间的内在联系,建立了来袭鱼雷运动要素集合解算模型。为使该解算模型的理论值更贴合实际作战情况,提出了一种基于鱼雷射击原理的来袭鱼雷运动要素合理性判别方法。仿真分析表明:该方法实现了对来袭鱼雷弹道的预测,能为反鱼雷武器的使用提供参考和依据。     

用声纳DEMON谱用于解算目标要素方法

被动声纳观察目标一般只提供目标的方位,基于声纳方位解算目标要素的传统方法是纯方位解要素法。现代信号处理技术的发展使得通过被动声纳信号DEMON频谱可获得目标螺旋桨转速。利用声纳方位、DEMON频谱信息联合解算目标要素将比单纯依靠声纳方位解算目标要素率高。给出了通过DEMON频谱获取目标速度的方法,并通过仿真对联合解算效率与纯方位法进行了比较。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.