南疆地区寄宿高中生一般自我效能感与心理韧性的关系

[目的]了解南疆地区寄宿学校高中生的一般自我效能感和心理韧性现状,并探讨其之间的关系。[方法]应用青少年心理韧性量表和一般自我效能感量表对400名南疆寄宿高中生进行调查。[结果]男生在一般自我效能感的得分上显著高于女生;非独生子女在心理韧性的积极认知上得分显著高于独生子女;高二、高三年级在目标专注、心理韧性总分和一般自我效能感上显著高于高一年级;不同成绩水平学生在目标专注、情绪控制、积极认知、家庭支持和心理韧性总分、一般自我效能感上存在显著差异;一般自我效能感与心理韧性总分及目标专注、积极认知、家庭支持和人际协助维度存在显著正相关。[结论]一般自我效能感和学习成绩两个因素可以联合预测12.9%的心理韧性变异量。     

家庭背景、同辈群体与大学生创业意愿——基于一个有调节的中介效应

大学生创业是驱动国家经济发展的重要力量,而大学生的生活和学习环境严重影响着他们的创业决策。为提高大学生创业决策,促进社会经济发展,以计划行为理论为基础,运用层次回归的方法验证了390名大学生的创业意愿在家庭背景、同辈群体、经济素养与自我效能感间的逻辑关系和传导机制。研究结果表明：除了创业意愿外,家庭背景和同辈群体还影响个人的经济素养;自我效能感调节了家庭背景、同辈群体对创业意愿的直接影响,高自我效能感对创业意愿的促进作用比低自我效能感更强;自我效能感还调节了同辈群体与个体创业意愿的中介路径,低自我效能感下,经济素养对创业意愿促进作用更明显。     

新疆维、哈、汉儿童成就目标定向特点比较研究

本文采用问卷调查的方法，以547名四至六年级的新疆维族、哈族、汉族儿童为被试，进行成就目标定向特点的比较研究。结果发现：汉族、维族、哈族儿童在成就目标定向各维度上均存在显著差异；性别与民族之间、民族与年级之间，维族、哈族、汉族儿童在掌握目标定向各维度（趋近、回避、掌握整体）上存在交互作用；性别与年级之间，新疆维族、哈族、汉族儿童在成绩回避目标定向上存在交互作用。     

焦虑自我控制法在400米障碍教学中的应用

通过在成绩波动明显的400米障碍训练中采用自我控制力训练的方法,使受训者在训练和比赛中学会自我控制和自我调节,最大程度地降低焦虑水平,尽可能排除心理因素对运动成绩的干扰。达到提高运动训练成绩和水平的目的。     

末端防空武器系统对巡航导弹的作战效能分析

根据美国工业界武器系统效能咨询委员会对作战效能的定义,针对末端防空武器系统拦截巡航导弹的作战使用特点,给出了其作战效能分析模型的解析法表述;建立了末端防空武器系统和巡航导弹的攻防对抗模型;最后对该模型进行了数学仿真验证,并分析了影响末端防空作战效能的主要因素.结果表明,可以从提高武器系统的小目标能力和雷达的低空性能,及建立多层防空体系等方面提高抗击巡航导弹的作战效能.     

新疆少数民族中学生汉语学习自我效能感的现状研究——以民汉合校中的维吾尔族学生为例

本研究以班杜拉的自我效能感理论为依据,对新疆喀什地区的几所民汉合校中的维吾尔族中学生进行了汉语学习自我效能感的调查,通过分析和研究发现,维吾尔族中学生的汉语学习自我效能感总体呈良好趋势,但个体自身特点、学校和家庭因素都会对汉语学习的自我效能感产生影响,其中性别、学习时间的长短、父母文化程度等方面差异显著,而年龄、家庭经济条件等方面的差异却不明显.     

任职院校国防生自尊、自我效能感及个性特征的研究

调查任职院校国防生自尊、自我效能感状况及其个性特征,为任职培训期间开展教育和管理工作提供参考。采用自尊量表（SES）、一般自我效能感量表（GSES）、艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）以及自编问卷方法,对535名任职院校国防生进行调查。结果显示：任职院校国防生自尊水平与专业、是否学员骨干等因素有关;自我效能水平与居住地等因素有关;任职院校国防生人格特征与军校生和军人群体相对接近,但与大学生群体有所不同。可见,对任职院校国防生进行教育管理时,应该重点从提高国防生的自尊和自我效能感水平入手,更好地维护和提高国防生在任职培训期间的心理健康水平。     

依据心理学原理激发学生的学习动机

学习动机是直接推动学生进行学习的内部动力，学习动机与学习成绩显著相关，是学生学业的一个重要决定因素。兴趣、自我效能感、学习的价值感等内在动机对学习的作用更直接有效，而目标、教师期望、表扬和奖励等外部激励如果使用得当同样可以对学习产生积极的影响。根据心理学原理，我们可以通过培养学生对学习的兴趣、帮助学生建立自我效能感、养成正确的学习价值观、树立有效的学习目标、给予学生合理的期望等方法，来培养和激发学生的学习动机。     

光学成像侦察卫星作战效能分析

为支持航天装备体系作战效能评估,建立了光学成像侦察卫星性能指标与卫星发现目标概率和定位精度的关系以及信息处理与传递模型.以支持导弹打击大型移动目标为例,以命中目标概率为作战效能指标,建立了光学成像侦察卫星作战效能模型.对模型进行了仿真,分析了影响卫星作战效能的主要因素.仿真结果表明所建模型能够合理反映光学成像侦察卫星对作战结果的影响,可用于从顶层分析航天装备.     

空对地定向攻击的作战效能评估

主要研究攻击机在定轴发射导弹时,对地面线状目标定向攻击的作战效能评估。攻击机飞向目标区的方式有两种,即攻击机飞向目标区的速度方向与线状目标的长边成一固定角和平行于该长边。详细研究了该攻击机的可攻击区边界,给出了攻击机机动攻击目标的最近距离,从而确定了作战效能评估的数学模型。     

Ethnicity,class, and civil war: the role of hierarchy,segmentation, and cross-cutting cleavages

Why are some countries prone to ethno-nationalist conflict, whereas others are plagued by class conflict? This is a question that has seldom been raised and rarely been examined empirically. This paper presents a social-structural theory to account for the variable incidence of these two forms of political instability. These two types of conflict result from distinct principles of group solidarity – ethnicity and class – and since each individual is simultaneously a member of an ethnic group (or many such groups) and a particular class, these two principles vary in the degree to which they are mutually exclusive or cross-cutting. The degree of economic stratification between groups and economic segmentation within them shapes the relative salience of each principle of group solidarity in any society and is associated with a characteristic form of political mobilization. In places where between-group inequalities are high, and within-group inequalities low, ethnicity should be the dominant principle of group solidarity and serve as the primary basis of group conflict. By contrast, in countries where between-group inequalities are low, and within-group inequalities high, class is more likely to serve as the dominant principle of group solidarity, and conflicts along class lines are more likely. We test these conjectures with data in over 100 countries on cross-cutting cleavages, ethnic war, and class conflict. The results are supportive of the theory, and provide evidence that how groups are stratified and segmented in societies shapes the type of civil war.     

The Freemasons' Sword of State Presented by Thomas, 8th Duke of Norfolk,to Mark His Year of Offi ce as 13th Grand Master of Grand Lodge, 1730, Signed 'Frater G. Moody,Fecit', now at Freemasons' Hall,London

Abstract

The Freemasons' Sword of State presented by Thomas, 8th Duke of Norfolk in 1730, a token made by the royal sword-cutler, freemason and swordbearer, George Moody, is described and illustrated. The sword's presentation is discussed, the gift is placed into its historical context, its iconography is assessed and the life of the manufacturer is examined. Two other relevant swords at Freemasons' Hall, London are also discussed.     

Rossellini,Pontecorvo, and the neorealist cinema of insurgency

This article examines the tradition of Italian neorealism and the importance it has for films depicting guerrilla insurgencies. It looks in particular at the two films by Roberto Rossellini Rome Open City and Paisa as well as the later film by Nanni Loy Four Days in Naples. It then proceeds to locate Gillo Pontecorvo's iconic film The Battle of Algiers within this neorealist tradition and examines the degree to which the director succeeded in continuing the basic traditions of neorealism into the context of the Algerian war of Independence. The article concludes that while this film remains of great interest it should be situated in the period when it was produced and is in many ways radically disconnected from many insurgent movements of the present day.     

READY,SET, TRACE

Tracing small arms and light weapons has been identified as an important component in reducing the illicit trafficking of weapons to regions of conflict as well as use in violent crime. At the national, regional and international levels policy makers and practitioners are working to make tracing more effective. This article outlines some of the key elements of an effective tracing regime and reviews where areas of agreement currently exist. It concludes with observations on some of the challenges facing countries as they try to implement these systems and respond to the problem of illicit arms trafficking.     

Risk,War, and the Dangers of Soldier Identity

The profession of arms is distinct from other professions for many reasons. One reason which is not so obvious is that, unlike members of other professions, soldiers may go their entire careers preparing for a day that never arrives. All things considered, we should think this to be a very good thing. For soldiers, however, this can feel somewhat odd, since there is a natural desire to want to feel useful and to see one’s role and purpose find realization. Accordingly, the common soldier is forced to adopt a rather paradoxical mindset, one of longing for peace, and therefore for uselessness, while at the same time longing to be useful, which would entail that there be a war. This latter desire to be useful and to vindicate one’s identity as a soldier can sometimes take on an unhealthy life of its own. The pull of wanting too strongly to live up to a warrior identity, I argue, can sometimes skew a soldier’s ability to assess risk rationally. This article will therefore investigate how a soldier’s concept of self influences his or her overall capacity to evaluate risk in war and when such influence might become morally problematic.