遵义会议前后周恩来的军事实践

人民的好总理周恩来,已经离开我们整整30周年了。他的一生都献给了中国人民的革命事业。遵义会议前后一段时期,周恩来身处党和红军的重要领导岗位,其军事实践直接与党和红军的前途命运密切相关。在红军渡过湘江、局势仍然十分险恶的关键时刻,他客观分析形势,迅速从红军遭受的重大挫折中汲取教训,果敢支持、采纳毛泽东等人的正确意见,铸造了符合中国革命战争实际的科学战争观念和杰出战略素养;在遵义会议上,他主动承担军事领导上的责任,坚决推举毛泽东出来领导和指挥红军,为实现党和红军历史上的重大转折立下了不朽功勋;在率师转战中,他协助毛泽东运筹帷幄,巧渡金沙江,飞夺泸定桥,练就精湛指挥艺术和顽强战斗作风;他始终以确保对敌作战的胜利为最高原则,眼光远大,意志坚定,坚持北上,同张国焘进行了针锋相对的斗争,捍卫了党和红军的统一。     

Signaling and Military Provocation in Chinese National Security Strategy: A Closer Look at the Impeccable Incident

On 8 March 2009, five Chinese vessels shadowed and aggressively maneuvered in close proximity to the US Naval Ship (USNS) Impeccable. This paper seeks to explain the incident and its aftermath in the context of Chinese coercive diplomacy. China's strategy, designed to motivate the US to cease surveillance operations near its militarily sensitive areas in the South China Sea, included three components: (1) the use of military provocation, (2) a coordinated media campaign, and (3) a challenge to US interpretations of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seas (UNCLOS). This study goes beyond traditional research on Chinese use of force to explain why China's coercive diplomatic campaign took the form it did. Only by understanding the nature and factors affecting Chinese coercive diplomacy can the US design the effective counter strategy needed to protect US regional and global interests.     

北洋海军和甲午战争前的中国军事变革

军事观念的革新是北洋海军创建发展的思想前提。北洋海军的成军是甲午战争前中国军事变革的突出成果 ;其武器装备和海防建设是甲午战争前中国军事变革在实现“船坚炮利”方面取得的最重要成就 ;北洋海军集中展现了甲午战争前中国军事变革在教育训练、军制变革、作战方式革新方面取得的成就。甲午战争北洋海军的覆没同时也暴露了甲午战前中国军事变革的诸多缺陷     

姚锡光在甲午战争前后的军事思想及活动

姚锡光是晚清时期颇有建树的军事思想家。在中日甲午战争前后,他先后辅佐过李鸿章、李秉衡、张之洞等人,考察、研究和参与了一些重要的军事活动。其中,他的陆海协同、持久战等战略战术思想,在朝廷中许多人的认识水平之上,有些甚至足以影响甲午战争的进程。然而,由于他的军事思想大多没有在实践中得到应用,而逐渐被人们所忽视或淡忘。本文认为,研究姚锡光的军事思想,对正确总结甲午战争失败的教训,具有重要意义。     

An Imperfect Jewel: Military Theory and the Military Profession

This article explores a perennial theme in the literature of strategic studies: the relationship between military theory and the military profession. It begins with a conceptual analysis of this relationship. It then investigates what military theorists themselves have had to say about the utility of their craft. It concludes by assessing the actual influence of military theory on selected individuals and institutions. The individuals are George S. Patton, Jr., and Ulysses S. Grant. The institutions are the United States Army and the United States Air Force in the late twentieth century. The fundamental finding is suggested in the title: military theory can indeed be quite useful in the maturation of military commanders and in the development of martial institutions, but it is not always necessary and by no means perfect. It should thus be studied assiduously but used with caution.     

新中国成立前中国共产党对外军事交往实践及启示

中国共产党从建立第一支武装力量起,就已开始了对军事外交工作的实践探索与理论创造,革命战争年代的对外军事交往为新中国的军事外交奠定了基础,是中国共产党军事外交思想的起源。通过对新中国成立前中国共产党军事外交实践的历程回顾与特点的理论探析,对研究中国的军事外交不无裨益。     

新军事革命与军校教学改革

当代的战争转型使军事斗争呈现出新矛盾、新特点 ,适应新军事革命要求 ,军校教学改革必须解决自身定位、军事理论和军事哲学发展的新课题 ,必须在教学内容、教员队伍建设、教育观念上进行相应的改革     

继承军科优良传统推进军事理论创新

本文是作者2003年3月17日在军事科学院院史馆开馆仪式上的讲话。本刊在编发时略有删节。     

济南军区军事编研工作暨编纂业务培训会议概述

2010年2月1日上午,济南军区召开军事编研工作暨编纂业务培训会议。此次会议共设67个分会场,全区1363名官兵通过电视、电话系统同步参加了会议。军区副司令员刘沈扬、副政治委员吕建成和军区四大部领导到会。为了推进军事编研工作的创新发展,会议就进一步拓展工作思路、提高工作标准、加强能力建设等问题作了具体部署,提出明确要求,统一了思想认识,规范了制度机制。     

以军事技术创新探索我军发展新模式

提出建立以军事技术创新为内在机制的新的军事发展模式,论述了这个发展模式的要点和特点以及为转向创新应注意解决的几个关键性问题.     

军事侦察与刑事侦察浅析

当前学术界对军事侦察与刑事侦察的概念界定尚存争议。军事侦察权是部队与生俱来的一种权力,正是因为它与部队相伴而生,熟悉军事侦察的内容,理解军事侦察概念、属性并为其准确定位尤为重要。它直接影响着军事侦察权的行使。同时,准确把握军事侦察与刑事侦察的区别和联系,对部队正确执行任务和依法履行职责也具有重要的理论和实践意义。     

军事立法与法律保留原则

法律保留原则是我国立法法确认的一项重要的立法原则。它要求重大立法事项的设定权专属于最高权力机关制定的法律。军事法作为国家法律体系的组成部分,应当遵循该原则,军事法中违反该原则的规定应及时予以纠正,以维护国家法制的统一。     

美军车辆防护发展演变及启示

本文通过对HMMWV车型的装甲防护发展演变和美军装甲防护战略的分析,得出其对我军车辆防护发展的启示作用。     

社会转型与军事现代化--对近代百年中国军事现代化的若干思考

近代以降,中国军事现代化失误在于在"中学为体,西学为用"的误导下,西方以社会全方位转型为前提的军事现代化在中国蜕变为在传统社会结构中建立现代军事系统,军事现代化置社会整体转型于不顾,以"单骑突进"的错误方式进行运作,并影响了几代人.然而,传统社会结构内不可能产生出真正的现代化军事系统,这一失误源于对西方文明浑然一体的结构缺乏深刻了解.     

Self-Interest versus the Common Cause: Austria,Prussia and Russia against Napoleon

This essay re-examines coalition warfare during the Napoleonic era by looking at the three eastern European powers – Austria, Prussia and Russia – how they interacted over time with France as well as each other, and how they managed French preponderance on the Continent. Before 1812, coalition warfare was dominated by eighteenth-century military and diplomatic attitudes: overall foreign political goals were ill-defined and were characterised by deep mistrust. The result was that the eastern powers pursued their own interests with little regard to coalition cohesion. If the coalition held together in 1813 and 1814, on the other hand, it was largely because individual powers' self-interest coincided with the overall objectives of the coalition – an increased determination to defeat Napoleon – along with a never before seen numerical superiority in allied troops. In this, Austria and especially Chancellor Metternich's role in juggling conflicting interests between the allies so that they could present, for the first time, a united front against France was fundamental.     

1815-1914年英国海权特点分析

1815年—1914年,是欧洲从和平到战争的世纪。列强实力在这一时期急速变化,海权便是实力变化的直接体现。“十九世纪是英国的世纪”,英国海权在不同时期有着不同特点,由此影响到其海洋霸权的形式:1815年到19世纪50年代,英国拥有现实的区域性海洋霸权;19世纪60年代到80年代初,英国拥有现实的全球性海洋霸权;其后到“一战”前,英国全球性海洋霸权的威慑性超过了现实性,最终重回现实的区域性海洋霸权。英国的命运与其海上实力息息相关;海上强国对世界历史也有深远影响。     

Military Maladaptation: Counterinsurgency and the Politics of Failure

Tactical learning is critical to battlefield success, especially in a counterinsurgency. This article tests the existing model of military adaption against a ‘most-likely’ case: the British Army’s counterinsurgency in the Southern Cameroons (1960–61). Despite meeting all preconditions thought to enable adaptation – decentralization, leadership turnover, supportive leadership, poor organizational memory, feedback loops, and a clear threat – the British still failed to adapt. Archival evidence suggests politicians subverted bottom-up adaptation, because winning came at too high a price in terms of Britain’s broader strategic imperatives. Our finding identifies an important gap in the extant adaptation literature: it ignores politics.