应用多GPU的可压缩湍流并行计算

利用CUDA Fortran语言发展了基于图形处理器(GPU)的计算流体力学可压缩湍流求解器。该求解器基于结构网格有限体积法,空间离散采用AUSMPW+格式,湍流模型为k-ωSST两方程模型,采用MPI实现并行计算。针对最新的GPU架构,讨论了通量计算的优化方法及GPU计算与PCIe数据传输、MPI通信重叠的多GPU并行算法。进行了超声速进气道及空天飞机等算例的数值模拟以验证GPU在大网格量情况下的加速性能。计算结果表明:相对于Intel Xeon E5-2670 CPU单一核心的计算时间,单块NVIDIA GTX Titan Black GPU可获得107~125倍的加速比。利用四块GPU实现了复杂外形1.34亿网格的快速计算,并行效率为91.6%。     

多GPU的可压缩湍流并行计算

利用CUDA Fortran语言发展了一种基于GPU的计算流体力学可压缩湍流求解器。该求解器基于结构网格有限体积法,空间离散采用AUSMPW 格式,湍流模型为k-ω SST两方程模型,采用MPI实现并行计算。针对最新的GPU架构,讨论了通量计算的优化方法及GPU计算与PCIe数据传输、MPI通信重叠的多GPU并行算法。进行了超声速进气道及空天飞机等算例的数值模拟以验证GPU在大网格量情况下的加速性能。计算结果表明相对于Intel Xeon E5-2670 CPU单一核心的计算时间,单块NVIDIA GTX Titan Black GPU可获得107至125倍的加速比。利用四块GPU实现了复杂外形1.34亿网格的快速计算,并行效率为91.6%。     

基于GPU的弹道快速计算方法

针对目前飞行器航迹规划中弹道计算量大、耗时长的问题,结合GPU大规模并行计算特性,提出了一种基于GPU的弹道快速计算方法.该方法以4阶Runge-Kutta (R-K)法为基础求解弹道微分方程组,通过计算资源的分配、数据流分段将弹道计算任务映射到GPU线程模型,利用CPU加GPU异构模型的数据流控制能力,实现上千条弹道的并行计算;实验表明该方法计算精度满足要求,并获得几十倍理想加速效果;也为航迹规划系统其他大规模并行计算提供了新的解决思路.     

高超声速乘波飞行器三维流场的并行数值模拟

针对高超声速乘波飞行器三维绕流流场,在基于LINUX+MPI系统的分布式并行计算平台上,并行求解了三维雷诺平均的N-S方程。并行数值方法采用的是有限体积方法(FVM)、OC-TVD差分格式、B-L代数湍流模型及流场分区的并行方法。计算结果表明,所采用的并行数值模拟方法能够求解包含强激波的流场,激波穿越区域边界时无断层、错位等通量不守恒的现象。并行计算效率高,8个处理机计算时的并行加速比达到了6 8。     

高性能异构加速器MiniGo算子优化方法

根据高性能异构加速器的特性和MiniGo的训练模式提出了一种高效的并行计算方法。对片上计算资源进行合理规划,实现异构设备之间的流水并行优化;根据异构设备间存在共享存储段设计了共享内存编码模式,减少数据传输开销;根据数字信号处理簇内具有多计算资源的特点结合算子计算-访存特性设计了不同的算子并行计算优化策略。同时,面向TensorFlow实现了一个易于使用的高性能计算库。实验结果显示,该方法实现了典型算子的多核并行计算。相对于单核,卷积算子加速比为24.69。相较于裁剪版8核FT2000+CPU,该方法训练和自博弈执行速度加速比分别为3.83和1.5。     

基于GPU的SAR成像层次化并行处理研究

针对SAR成像处理具有的内在并行性,提出了一种基于GPU的SAR成像层次化并行处理方法。首先分析了SAR成像处理过程中信号的并行性,对任务进行了层次化分解与组合,设计了层次化并行的CS成像算法;然后通过CUDA编程将并行成像算法映射到CPU+GPUs系统平台上,实现了层次化并行成像处理;为了检验并行处理效果,采用原始数据进行了SAR成像处理实验。实验结果表明,在几乎没有损失图像质量的情况下,层次化并行处理获得了较高的加速比。     

基于CPU-GPU混合计算平台的RNA二级结构预测算法并行化研究

RNA二级结构预测是生物信息学领域重要的研究方向,基于最小自由能模型的Zuker算法是目前该领域最典型使用最广泛的算法之一。本文基于CPU GPU的混合计算平台实现了对Zuker算法的并行和加速。根据CPU和GPU计算性能的差异,通过合理的任务分配策略,实现二者之间的并行协作计算和处理单元间的负载平衡;针对CPU和GPU的不同硬件特性,对Zuker算法在CPU和GPU上的实现分别采取了不同的并行优化方法,提高了混合加速系统的计算性能。实验结果表明,CPU处理单元在混合系统中承担了14%以上的计算任务,与传统的多核CPU并行方案相比,采用混合并行加速方法可获得15.93的全局加速比;与最优的单纯GPU加速方案相比,可获得16%的性能提升,并且该混合计算方案可用于对其它生物信息学序列分析应用的并行和加速。     

超声速飞行器流场的并行数值计算及效率分析

基于有限体积方法、TVD差分格式和显式Runge-Kutta迭代方法的框架,针对超声速/高超声速飞行器绕流流场,在超级并行计算机上完成了2~64个CPU并行数值计算工作。通过测试程序在超级计算机上的并行效率,并将并行程序应用于航天飞机绕流流场计算,检验了计算程序进行大规模并行计算的性能。结果表明,在负载平衡的条件下,程序在该超级并行计算机上达到了不同程度的超线性加速比,并行效率最高达到了126%,远远高于微机Cluster并行平台上的结果,适合复杂流场的大规模并行计算。     

非结构动网格分区并行计算方法

针对包含运动边界的非定常流动问题,基于弹簧近似法设计了一套非结构动网格分区并行计算流程,引入了METIS软件进行非结构网格二次剖分,研究了对接边界通信类型及其处理方法,基于消息传递并行编程模式实现了非结构动网格求解器的并行化。测试结果表明:该求解器具有较高的并行效率,网格变形模块对非结构动网格并行计算性能具有重要影响。     

球谐函数法解地球扰动引力并行计算方法

随着导弹射程的增加,传统求解地球扰动引力的球谐函数法模型阶数增大,扰动引力的计算速度明显下降。为提高弹道导弹扰动引力的赋值速度,在现有条件下结合球谐函数法计算模型的特点,在并行计算平台上,应用流水线技术和任务交叉分配的方法,建立了球谐函数法的并行计算模型。通过仿真验证,该方法能有效地提高地球扰动引力的计算速度,得到较高的并行加速比和CPU利用率。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.