明确安全责任 强化安全管理——《民用爆炸物品安全管理条例》及配套规章的解读

今年9月1日,《民用爆炸物品安全管理条例》正式施行。这个条例的公布实施,将对今后民爆行业的改革和发展产生深远的影响。条例明确规定“国防科技工业主管部门负责民用爆炸物品生产、销售的安全监督管理”,并赋予国防科工委负责民用爆炸物品的生产许可、安全生产许可、进出口审批以及制定民用爆炸物品品名表四项具体职权。同时赋予省级国防科工委(办)负责民用爆炸物品销售许可的职权。为贯彻落实条例,规范国防科工委和省级国防科工委(办)依法履行相关职责,国防科工委制定并颁布了《民用爆炸物品生产许可实施办法》、《民用爆炸物品安全生产…     

配合民爆新条例实施国防科工委颁布三项配套规章

9月1日,《民用爆炸物品安全管理条例》正式实施。为配合该条例的实施,国防科工委着手制定《民用爆炸物品生产许可实施办法》、《民用爆炸物品销售许可实施办法》、《民用爆炸物品安全生产许可实施办法》和《民用爆炸物品进出口管理办法》四个部门规章,其中前三个规章已于8月31日由国防科工委主任张云川签署后颁布实施。此三项配套规章在9月1日条例施行之际颁布,对指导行业规范生产、销售许可行为,加强安全生产监管工作将起到积极和重要的作用。《民用爆炸物品进出口管理办法》将于近期发布实施。     

恒久的震撼——河北民爆器材流通企业安全事故应急救援演练纪实

民用爆炸物品是国家严格管制的特殊商品。为了切实加强民用爆炸物品在生产、贮存、运输、使用等重要环节的绝对安全,前不久,河北省国防科工办,迁安市人民政府主办了民爆产品流通企业安全事故应急救援预案演练,这在全国民爆产品流通企业中尚属首次。这次演练,集中地选取了民用爆炸物品发生盗窃、失火、爆炸三种典型的案例组织,取得圆满成功。     

《民用爆炸物品行业“十四五”发展规划》课题验收会在北京举行

<正>《民用爆炸物品行业"十四五"发展规划》课题验收会在北京举行5月7日,国家工业和信息化部安全生产司在北京组织召开《民用爆炸物品行业"十四五"发展规划》课题验收会。工业和信息化部安全生产司司长金鑫、副司长卞明尧和民爆处领导出席会议。特能集团董事长吴振国在致辞中代表课题承担单位对到会的领导专家表示欢迎,并表示特能集团以"高标准建设中国民爆龙头企业"为产业发展目标,     

危险品仓库火灾爆炸原因及预防对策

凡具有爆炸、易燃、毒害、腐蚀、放射性等危险性质,且在运输、装卸、生产、使用、储存、保管过程中,于一定条件下能引起燃烧、爆炸,导致人身伤亡和财产损失等事故的物品,统称为化学危险物品。由化学危险物品引起的火灾爆炸事故所造成的生命财产损失是极其严重的。因此,分析危险品仓库火灾爆炸事故原因,探讨其预防对策对于安全贮存危险品是十分必要的。     

四川 国防科工办组织召开民爆行业视频监控信息系统和安全培训信息系统宣贯培训会议

<正>2013年12月20日,省国防科工办在成都分别组织召开全省民爆行业视频监控信息系统培训会议和安全培训信息系统培训会议,全省民爆物品生产点所在市、县级民爆物品安全监管部门,各民爆物品生产、销售企业相关负责人分别参加会议。视频监控信息系统培训会议传达了工信部民爆行业视频监控信息系统工作会议精神,对工信部办公厅《关于进一步加强民用爆炸物品生产线视频监控工作的通知》进行了解读;会议还讲解了《视频监控信息系统操作要点》和《民爆物品生产线视频监控系统测评规程(征求意见稿)》,与会人员还就具体工作要求进行了交流。通过     

谈快速培漏技术训练中的注意事项

快速堵漏技术是消防技能训练中的重要内容之一,是目前消防部队在抢险救援中有效地消除易燃、易爆、有毒化学物品泄漏,遏制火灾、爆炸与中毒事故发生的重要手段.文章在训练实践的基础上就如何正确地进行快速堵漏训练进行了论述.     

烟花爆竹存放使用中的消防安全问题研究

根据烟花爆竹独有的组成成分的火灾危险性，从烟花爆竹存放场所的硬件条件、从业人员的素质、消防设施的设置及产品的燃放等方面。分析了烟花爆竹在存放和使用过程中发生火灾爆炸事故的原因，针对性地提出了预防类似火灾爆炸事故的措施。     

沈阳军区民兵危险爆炸物品销毁工作顺利完成

前不久,沈阳军区将散存在75个单位、重60余吨的民兵危险爆炸物品全部销毁,从而消除了一个积存已久的安全隐患。由于历史的原因,该区省军区系统积存了大量民兵废旧和危险爆炸物品。这些物品大都配发于六七十年代,有一部分还是日伪时期遗留或施工时挖出的,品种多、批次杂、来源广,储存点分散、存放时间长,安全性能不稳定,给平时管理带来了很大麻烦,已成为安全稳定的一大隐患。为     

液化石油气钢瓶火灾危险性及预防措施

液化石油气体作为一种工业与民用燃料已得到日益广泛的应用,这对减少空气污染、保护环境、改变城乡燃料结构、提高人民生活水平,取得了巨大的经济效益和社会效益。但是由于它具有易燃易爆的特性,在生产、运输、储存和使用过程中极易发生火灾爆炸事故,造成惨重的人身伤亡和损失。尤其是目前多数的     

Effects of nano-sized aluminum on detonation characteristics and metal acceleration for RDX-based aluminized explosive

Nano-sized aluminum(Nano-Al)powders hold promise in enhancing the total energy of explosives and the metal acceleration ability at the same time.However,the near-detonation zone effects of reaction between Nano-Al with detonation products remain unclear.In this study,the overall reaction process of 170 nm Al with RDX explosive and its effect on detonation characteristics,detonation reaction zone,and the metal acceleration ability were comprehensively investigated through a variety of experiments such as the detonation velocity test,detonation pressure test,explosive/window interface velocity test and confined plate push test using high-resolution laser interferometry.Lithium fluoride(LiF),which has an inert behavior during the explosion,was used as a control to compare the contribution of the reaction of aluminum.A thermochemical approach that took into account the reactivity of aluminum and ensuing detonation products was adopted to calculate the additional energy release by afterburn.Combining the numerical simulations based on the calculated afterburn energy and experimental results,the param-eters in the detonation equation of state describing the Nano-Al reaction characteristics were calibrated.This study found that when the 170 nm Al content is from 0％to 15％,every 5％increase of aluminum resulted in about a 1.3％decrease in detonation velocity.Manganin pressure gauge measurement showed no significant enhancement in detonation pressure.The detonation reaction time and reaction zone length of RDX/Al/wax/80/15/5 explosive is 64 ns and 0.47 mm,which is respectively 14％and 8％higher than that of RDX/wax/95/5 explosive(57 ns and 0.39 mm).Explosive/window interface velocity curves show that 170 nm Al mainly reacted with the RDX detonation products after the detonation front.For the recording time of about 10 μs throughout the plate push test duration,the maximum plate velocity and plate acceleration time accelerated by RDX/Al/wax/80/15/5 explosive is 12％and 2.9 μs higher than that of RDX/LiF/wax/80/15/5,respectively,indicating that the aluminum reaction energy significantly increased the metal acceleration time and ability of the explosive.Numerical simulations with JWLM explosive equation of state show that when the detonation products expanded to 2 times the initial volume,over 80％of the aluminum had reacted,implying very high reactivity.These results are significant in attaining a clear understanding of the reaction mechanism of Nano-Al in the development of aluminized explosives.     

热气溶胶灭火装置安全隐患探讨

针对目前市场上热气溶胶灭火装置＂爆炸＂及存在安全隐患,阐述了其发生原理,并提出了热气溶胶灭火装置应严格控制的一些安全性能指标和结构方式。     

现代灭火救援行动中安全隐患探析

以现代灭火救援行动中存在的安全隐患为切入口,归纳出爆燃、危险品、烟雾、高温、井坑池、电流和建筑物坍塌等七种主要威胁灭火人员安全的危险隐患,详细解析了这七种危险源形成原因和危害特点,并针对灭火救援行动,提出了相应的防范措施。     

Sensitivity Test and Data Analysis for Storage Reliability Assessment of Explosive Initiator

The explosive initiator is one kind of sensitivity products with long life and high reliability.In order to improve the storage reliability assessment,the method of storage reliability assessment for explosive initiator was proposed based on time series model using the sensitivity test data.In the method,the up and down test was used to estimate the distribution parameters of threshold.And an approach to design the up and down test was present to draw better estimations.Furthermore,the method of shrinkage estimation was introduced to get a better estimation of scale parameter by combining the sample information with prior information.The simulation result shows that the shrinkage estimation is better than traditional estimation under certain conditions.With the distribution parameters estimations,the time series models were used to describe the changing trends of distribution parameters along with storage time.Then for a fixed storage time,the distribution parameters were predicted based on the models.Finally,the confidence interval of storage reliability was obtained by fiducial inference.The illustrative example shows that the method is available for storage reliability assessment of the explosive initiator with high reliability.     

Liquid phase in-situ synthesis of LiF coated boron powder composite and performance study

Among practical metal additives, boron (B) has a high volumetric heating value, making it a promising choice as a fuel additive. Although B can theoretically yield a large amount of energy upon complete combustion, its combustion is retarded by the initial presence of B oxide, which coats the surfaces of B particle. To improve the ignition and combustion properties of B powder, LiOH and NH₄F were used as precursors to synthesize uniformly LiF-coated B composites (LiF-B) in situ. The LiF-B mixture was also prepared for comparison using a physical method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to characterize the morphologies and compositions of the products. The thermal and combustion properties of the samples were characterized by thermal gravity-differential thermal gravity (TG-DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and closed bomb experiment. The XRD, FTIR, SEM and EDS results demonstrated the successful preparation of the coated LiF-B sample. The TG-DTG and closed bomb experiment results indicated that the addition of LiF decreased the ignition temperature of B powder, and increasing its reaction efficiency. DSC results show that when LiF-B was added, the released heat of underwater explosive increased by 6727.2, 7280.4 and 3109.6 J/g at heating rates of 5, 10, and 15 °C/min, respectively. Moreover, LiF-B decreased the activation energy of secondary combustion reaction of explosive system as calculated through Kissinger's method by 28.9%, which indicated an excellent catalytic effect for the thermal decomposition of underwater explosive. The results reveal that LiF can improve the combustion efficiency of B powder, thereby increasing the total energy of explosives. The mechanical sensitivity increased slightly after adding LiF-B to the underwater explosive. Compared to the underwater explosive with added B, the mechanical sensitivity of the explosive with added LiF-B was significantly lower.     

甲类医药洁净厂房消防设计研究

从甲丙类联合生产厂房平面布置中的火灾危险性定性问题、防爆泄压、安全疏散、消防给水、空调通风、防排烟、火灾自动报警、消防照明、消防电话等方面探讨了甲类医药洁净厂房的消防设计问题。分析了厂房的火灾危险性及消防设计存在的问题,指出了消防设计应注意的事项及技术对策。     

固体灭火剂爆炸抛撒半径分析

根据爆轰产物等熵膨胀原理和流体动力学理论，通过对灭火剂抛撒3个阶段的理论分析，推导出灭火剂抛撒的理论半径，估算灭火弹的灭火威力。在此基础上进行实爆试验，对两者的值进行比较分析，取得了良好的一致性，为优化灭火弹设计，提高灭火弹威力起着积极的指导作用。     

Shock initiation performance of NTO-based polymer bonded explosive

3-nitro-1,2,4-tri-azol-5-one (NTO) is a high energy insensitive explosive. To study the shock initiation process of NTO-based polymer bonded explosive JEOL-1 (32%octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), 32% NTO, 28% Al and 8% binder system), the cylinder test, the gap experiments and numerical simulation were carried out. Firstly, we got the detonation velocity (7746 m/s) and the parameters of Jones-Wilkins-Lee (JWL) equation of state (EOS) for detonation product by cylinder test and numerical simulation. Secondly, the Hugoniot curve of unreacted explosive for JEOL-1 was obtained calculating the data of pressure and time at different Lagrangian positions. Then the JWL EOS of unreacted explosive was obtained by utilizing the Hugoniot curve as the reference curve. Finally, we got the pressure growth history of JEOL-1 under shock wave stimulation and the parameters of the ignition and growth reaction rate equation were obtained by the pressure-time curves measured by the shock-initiation gap experiment and numerical simulation. The determined trinomial ignition and growth model (IG model) parameters can be applied to subsequently simulation analysis and design of insensitive ammunition with NTO-based polymer bonded explosive.     

Network routing for insurgency: An adversarial risk analysis framework

Problems in counterterrorism and corporate competition have prompted research that attempts to combine statistical risk analysis with game theory in ways that support practical decision making. This article applies these methods of adversarial risk analysis to the problem of selecting a route through a network in which an opponent chooses vertices for ambush. The motivating application is convoy routing across a road network when there may be improvised explosive devices and imperfect intelligence about their locations. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011     

子母弹子弹引信爆炸物处理安全性研究

子母弹药的应用与发展带来了严重的未爆弹药问题。初步建立了评定未爆弹药危险性的数学模型,并从该模型出发,详细探讨了子弹引信爆炸物处理安全性的设计途径,以尽可能消除未爆弹药隐患。