基于DDS+PLL的跳频宽带信号源设计

首先比较了数字直接合成技术和锁相环技术各自的优缺点,介绍了ADI公司的数字锁相环芯片ADF4360-7芯片的内部配置和PLL双模前置分频的设计.提出了一种使用DDS输出的低频段线性调频信号作为PLL信号激励源的设计方案,用来产生某型跳频信号源1 010～1 220 MHz高频段内的线性调频信号.使用FPGA的线性时序法实现了端口并串转换的控制.从实验结果分析,频段内2个典型频率点的输出频谱稳定性较高,且满足远端杂散的要求.     

800MHz频段AMPS制式电台频率合成器分析

本文介绍了MOTOROLA大规模集成频率合成器MC145146—1的工作原理,分析了800MHz频段AMPS制式电台频率合成器的设计思想和工作原理。     

基于PE3236频率锁相源的X波段四倍频器研制

目前毫米波倍频器在毫米波频率合成器中已经得到了广泛的应用,利用毫米波倍频器可以获得具有宽带特性的毫米波频综及多点的频率输出。文中主要介绍一种基于高性能数字集成芯片PE3236设计的X波段四倍频器。通过将高稳定度频率合成器输出的S波段信号四倍频,并滤除杂散和谐波以达到倍频的效果。文中所设计的毫米波四倍频器输出功率为-11.356 dBm,相位噪声为-78.4 dBc/Hz@1 kHz,对杂散的抑制优于-45dBc。     

140～170MHz高集成度数字锁相式频率合成器及锁相调频的工程设计

频率合成器具有与频标相同的频率准确度与稳定度。数字锁相式频率合成器易于集成化,具有体积小、频带宽、工作频率多、性能可靠等优点,在短波波段已得到大量应用。现在一个工作于几兆赫的锁相环,采用一块集成块便能实现。但工作于140～170MHz频段的全集成数字锁相式频率合成器并采用比较先进的锁相调频技术,还比较少见。本文试图通过一个具体实例对此作比较详细的、系统的论述。     

一种无线寻呼发射机调制激励器的设计

本文概述了无线寻呼系统的组成,讨论了宽带数字调制的原理及其实现,介绍了Motorola大规模集成频率合成器MC145152－1的工作原理,提出了一种采用MC145152－1的无线寻呼发射机调制激励器的设计思想和工作原理。     

采用标准晶振的数字计算式频率合成器

本文介绍了数字计算式频率合成器的基本原理,提出了一种采用标准晶振作为时钟源的合成器方案,给出了一般的设计公式,并在实验中得到验证,基本达到设计要求。最后阐述了这种新型频率合成器的优点及其应用。     

Q2220型直接数字式频率合成器原理与应用

直接数字式频率合成技术是当今电信领域与电子仪器领域一个引人入胜的课题,尤其是采用了VLSI工艺和某些先进技术的直接数字式频率合成系统(DDS)芯片,更使频率合成器的研制者们如虎添翼。本文介绍的 Q2220 DDS芯片,是美国 QUALCOMM公司近几年推出的该类产品之一,本文介绍其特点、用途、工作原理和应用方法,最后给出设计实例和有关结论。     

锁相环频率合成器快速锁定方法的研究

跳频通信技术在抗干扰和保密性方面具有的优越性使其在军事通信方面的应用越来越受到重视,跳频通信系统中频率合成器的频率切换速度成为人们关注的热点。文章对三种锁相环(PLL)频率合成器快速锁定的方法进行了较深入的研究,其中分别举例仿真了压控振荡器(VCO)电压预置PLL频率合成器和分数分频PLL(FNPLL)频率合成器的锁定时间,实现了一个S波段DDS分频的PLL频率合成器。通过仿真和测量,给出了相关方法对PLL频率合成器频率切换速度性能改善的程度,并得出了一些有益的结论,对跳频频率合成器的工程研制具有一定的指导意义。     

高速信号传输与PCB设计实现技术

高速数字系统的主题在不断提高,超大规模集成电路也在不断朝着集成度更高,芯片面积更小的方向发展,整机系统级工作频率及其互连速度就越来越成为高速数字系统实现设计期望的瓶颈。近年来,现代高性能微处理器的速度接近1GHz,芯片间传输速率也达到几百兆赫,并且还会再提高。与之相适应,出现了工作速度超过500MHz的SRAM,能直接与高速微处理器相连接工作,所以需要开发更高速度的信号传输方式,以及研究更高速度的低电平、低摆幅的接口电路技术。同时,超过100MHz以上的PCB板上的互连线(印制线)的电特性也随频率的变化而剧烈变化,因此必须关心高速数字信号板的信号完整性问题、关心噪声、反射、衰减、地线的抖动、接插件阻抗的变化和敏感信号线上其他形式的信号品质的下降等高速传输和互连设计实现问题。     

一种“乒乓式”频率合成器的设计

本文从数字锁相式频率合成器的原理出发,给出了一种单片机控制的“乒乓式”快速置频频率合成器的设计思想。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.