火炮身管寿命分析与计算

分析了射击时弹丸挤进过程 ,建立了弹丸初速下降量与炮膛内膛磨损量计算模型 ,并以某火炮为实例计算了该炮弹丸初速下降量与炮膛内膛磨损量之间变化关系 ,分析了弹道峰现象 ,为身管寿命预测提供理论依据     

小口径火炮弹丸初速误差校正的必要性及方法

小口径火炮系统中的弹丸初速误差是引起脱靶量的一个重要误差源[2]。本文从弹丸初速误差引起脱靶量的大小上说明了对弹丸初速误差校正的必要性。针对多卜勒火控雷达可以提供弹丸初速这一特点,对多管小口径火炮设计了一种弹丸初速误差校正的方法,并在计算机上进行了模拟计算,得出了令人满意的结果。     

初速可控舰炮对海上目标命中概率的影响

针对新能源技术发射弹丸初速可控的新特点,研究初速对命中概率的影响。建立海上目标运动模型,利用Cramer-Rao下界理论得到目标运动要素估计误差的计算模型。根据海上目标特点,推导出弹丸外弹道方程及目标命中界计算模型,并对射击误差进行分析,得到弹丸对海上目标的命中概率模型。分析了射击误差、目标距离、弹丸射角和初速对目标命中概率的影响,结果表明对视距内海上目标存在最佳弹丸初速使命中概率达到最大。     

弹丸初速对磁阻型线圈发射器发射性能的影响分析

通过设置弹丸初速并研究其对单级磁阻型线圈发射器发射性能的影响,模拟分析前一级线圈弹丸出口速度对后一级线圈发射性能影响的规律;利用Ansoft有限元仿真软件进行了动态仿真,得到弹丸初速对单级磁阻型线圈发射器驱动电流、驱动线圈感应电压、电磁力、弹丸出VI速度、弹丸位移及能量转换效率等影响的规律．研究表明：弹丸初速越大,经过单级线圈加速后弹丸出口速度也越大,但弹丸出口速度增量减小;随着弹丸初速增大,能量转换效率呈现先增大后减小的趋势．     

弹丸被甲材料对步枪精度影响分析

为了研究弹丸被甲材料对枪械射击的影响,分别用H90铜被甲弹和覆铜钢被甲弹进行射击实验,试验得到了不同弹药对应的枪口初速、100 m处射击精度;根据试验结果,建立了弹丸挤进模型;通过仿真计算可得出结论:弹丸被甲的材料不同而使其对应的挤进压力不同,导致内弹道计算结果的不同、弹丸初速与转速出现差异,为步枪精度分析提供一定的参考。     

一种气动武器的内弹道模型和发射参数分析

介绍了一种新的气动武器,并给出了其结构和工作原理,建立了其内弹道数学模型,通过Matlab对其进行了数值计算。根据数值计算结果,分析了大、小气室截面积之比、小气室初始长度、活塞质量和弹丸释放压力等发射参数变化对弹丸速度的影响,结果表明:气室截面积之比和弹丸释放压力对弹丸初速影响很显著,活塞质量和初始长度对弹丸初速影响不明显。     

某型催泪子母弹装药特性研究

为了增大某型催泪子母弹有效射程,提高其处置大规模群体事件的效能。基于弹道学理论,分析了装药特性、弹丸初速及射程之间的关系。运用比较分析法、数字仿真法和MATLAB计算工具,模拟弹丸发射时内弹道过程,获得了该子母弹内弹道曲线,得出了在装药量不变情况下,改变发射药,提高初速,增大射程。通过校核催泪子母弹强度和实弹射击,结果表明:方法安全,简单实用,为催泪子母弹增程设计研究提供参考。     

数字化激光弹丸速度测量技术研究

数字化激光光幕将互相关算法应用到弹丸初速测量领域,明显提高了在复杂干扰环境下弹丸速度测量的精度和可靠性。实现了一套测量系统满足所有平射弹丸速度测量需求的目的。     

舰炮初速对命中点预测误差影响分析

针对舰炮初速对命中点预测误差定量评估的问题,建立了目标运动简化方程。利用Cramer-Rao下界理论,分析了滤波时间、数据采样间隔、预测时间、弹丸飞行速度等对命中点预测误差的影响,推导出命中点位置预测误差计算模型,并引入舰炮初速增大误差下降比作为命中点预测误差变化的衡量指标。以目标在匀加速和匀速运动为例,进行了仿真计算,结果表明:提高舰炮初速能够明显降低命中点预测误差,由此验证了该模型与方法的正确性。     

电磁炮外弹道仿真分析

电磁炮初速高、射程远,其外弹道与常规火炮不同。为获得电磁炮的外弹道数据,开展了仿真研究。采用龙格-库塔法解算弹道方程组,计算不同仿真条件下炮口动能32MJ和64MJ电磁炮的外弹道数据,分析最大射程角和最大射高,研究弹形系数、弹丸初速和主要误差对电磁炮外弹道特性的影响。结果表明,电磁炮弹丸初速提高,弹道系数减小,射程增加。仿真结果可为电磁炮的指标选择提供技术参考。     

引信在膛内的加速度响应分析

研究引信在膛内的受力情况,经典的分析方法是将弹丸和引信看成一个刚体,但随着对膛内问题的深入研究,发现这种方法和实测值出入很大.为更好地计算膛内引信的受力,本文在实测的基础上建立了弹丸引信系统在膛内冲击振动的力学模型,提出利用振动理论计算引信零件膛内加速度响应的方法,并对两种不同类型的弹丸引信系统进行计算比较,计算结果和实测值很接近,并发现此方法在簿壁弹上应用优越性更为突出.     

自由后坐式自动武器运动系统优化设计研究

本文介绍自由抢机式自动武器运动系统有关结构参量的一种优化设计方法。优化的目标函数为自动机后坐到位速度和弹丸的初速。优化的结构参数有自动机的质量,弹簧的抗力等。     

火炮身管锥度对弹丸起始扰动的影响分析

火炮身管设计时,根据强度理论有一段圆锥段,身管圆锥段锥度的大小影响近炮口段身管刚度的大小,刚度大小对于弹丸起始扰动的影响规律值得进行研究。针对这一问题,建立某大口径火炮弹炮耦合全炮动力学有限元模型,计算不同工况下锥度为c=0°、c=0.38°、c=0.73°和c=1.17°时弹丸膛内的运动规律。分析结果表明,对建立的某大口径火炮而言,在保证身管质量、质心不变的前提下,身管锥度越小,即身管近炮口段越粗,身管近炮口段刚度越大,越有利于减小弹丸起始扰动。     

加筋板架抗动能穿甲的等效防护厚度研究

为研究舰船舷侧结构抗穿甲性能,采用有限元分析了两种典型工况下板架的穿甲破坏模式、弹体的剩余速度和板架的变形吸能规律,提出了基于剪切冲塞模式的剩余速度理论计算模型,比较了不同等效计算方法得到的结果,并将理论计算结果分别与相关文献的实验结果和本文的有限元计算结果进行了比较,两者之间均吻合较好。结果表明,加强筋对板架的抗穿甲性能影响较大,而板架的实际等效厚度是决定其抗穿甲性能的主要因素;不同的等效计算方法与模型相对尺寸、弹体冲击速度以及命中位置有关,对于弹体直径相对较大且初始冲击速度较高时,不同的等效计算方法得到的结果基本一致。     

Damage modeling of ballistic penetration and impact behavior of concrete panel under low and high velocities

This work presents a numerical simulation of ballistic penetration and high velocity impact behavior of plain and reinforced concrete panels. This paper is divided into two parts. The first part consists of numerical modeling of reinforced concrete panel penetrated with a spherical projectile using concrete damage plasticity (CDP) model, while the second part focuses on the comparison of CDP model and Johnson-Holmquist-2 (JH-2) damage model and their ability to describe the behavior of concrete panel under impact loads. The first and second concrete panels have dimensions of 1500 mm × 1500 mm × 150 mm and 675 mm × 675 mm × 200 mm, respectively, and are meshed using 8-node hexahedron solid elements. The impact object used in the first part is a spherical projectile of 150 mm diameter, while in the second part steel projectile of a length of 152 mm is modeled as rigid element. Failure and scabbing characteristics are studied in the first part. In the second part, the com-parison results are presented as damage contours, kinetic energy of projectile and internal energy of the concrete. The results revealed a severe fracture of the panel and high kinetic energy of the projectile using CDP model comparing to the JH-2 model. In addition, the internal energy of concrete using CDP model was found to be less comparing to the JH-2 model.     

Long-rod penetration: the transition zone between rigid and hydrodynamic penetration modes

Long-rod penetration in a wide range of velocity means that the initial impact velocity varies in a range from tens of meters per second to several kilometers per second. The long rods maintain rigid state when the impact velocity is low, the nose of rod deforms and even is blunted when the velocity gets higher, and the nose erodes and fails to lead to the consumption of long projectile when the velocity is very high due to instantaneous high pressure. That is, from low velocity to high velocity, the projectile undergoes rigid rods, deforming non-erosive rods, and erosive rods. Because of the complicated changes of the projectile, no well-established theoretical model and numerical simulation have been used to study the transition zone. Based on the analysis of penetration behavior in the transition zone, a phenomenological model to describe target resistance and a formula to calculate penetration depth in transition zone are proposed, and a method to obtain the boundary velocity of transition zone is determined. A combined theoretical analysis model for three response regions is built by analyzing the characteristics in these regions. The penetration depth predicted by this combined model is in good agreement with experimental result.     

Study on performance degradation and failure analysis of machine gun barrel

An increase in the use of the gun barrel will cause wear of the inner wall, which reduces the muzzle velocity and the spin rate of the projectile. The off-bore flight attitude and trajectory of the projectile also change, affecting the shooting power and the accuracy. Exterior ballistic data of a high-speed spinning projectile are required to study the performance change. Therefore, based on the barrel's accelerated life test, the whole process of projectile shooting is reproduced using numerical simulation technology, and key information on the ballistic performance change at each shooting stage are acquired. Studies have shown that in the later stages of barrel shooting, the accuracy of shooting has not decreased significantly. However, it is found that the angle of attack of the projectile increases as the wear of the barrel increases. The maximum angle of attack reaches 0.106 rad when the number of shots reaches 4300. Meanwhile, elliptical bullet hole has appeared on the target at this shooting stage. Through combining external ballistic theory with simulation results, the primary reason of this phenomenon is found to be a significant decrease in the muzzle spin rate of the projectile. At the end of the barrel life, the projectile muzzle spin rate is 57.5% lower than that of a barrel without wear.     

某型火箭弹对巡航导弹毁伤概率仿真分析

通过对巡航导弹目标特性分析,论述了目标易损性和毁伤机理(包括破片战斗部对目标的击穿概率模型)。利用破片初速及存速计算模型,分析了战斗部爆破后破片速度衰减规律,并做了模拟仿真,为火箭弹战斗部设计及毁伤效能评估提供了理论依据。最后根据射弹散布规律及毁伤原理建立了毁伤模型,并以某型火箭弹为例,对毁伤概率模型进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明:该方法为火箭弹战斗部设计和提高对巡航导弹毁伤概率提供了参考。