炭英语教学的语用双

语用知识对学生理解和使用语言有着非常重要的作用。只有具备了一定的语用知识,学生才能准确地使用语言,才能真正学会一门语言。这就要求英语教师在讲解语言知识的同时一定要注重语用知识的传授。     

公示语的社交语用失误及翻译对策

随着中外交流的日益频繁,双语公示语的作用日益突出。只有语用语言和社交语用都正确的双语公示语才能实现其应有的功能。本文主要分析双语公示语社交语用失误的成因及表现,并探讨公示语的翻译技巧。     

语用意识增强式任务模式在语法教学中的应用

本文以澳大利亚英语语法课堂教学为例，介绍了“语用意识增强式任务模式”在外语语法教学中的应用。该模式强调以语言形式为基点，结合语用机制、语境知识和百科知识，通过语言理解与输出，提高学习者对语言形式的注意程度，增强语法的语用意识功能。这一模式为探讨外语语法教学有效途径提供启示。     

控制性学习条件下网络外语教学环境创建刍议

网络教学环境的创建及其在外语教学中的运用越来越成为外语界关注的焦点。在控制环境下建构多媒体网络教学环境的手段，充分调动学生的主动性和参与性，从而有助于提高学习者的语言水平及语用能力，加速其文化及社会知识的建构。     

英汉委婉语的语用心理

比较了英汉委婉语的异同 ;归类分析了人们使用英汉委婉语的不同语用心理。有助于语言学习者在恰当的语言环境下正确使用委婉语 ,避免交际失误。     

语用知识-合作原则产生的会话含义在语言交际中的作用

介绍了合作原则在语言交际中的作用 ,并主要分析了违反若干准则而产生的会话含义或言外之意在交际中的效果以及与语境的关系 .此外 ,合作原则不仅用于会话 ,也用于文学作品中 ,而且在外语教学中传授一些语用知识 ,对提高学生的理解能力和交际能力是有益处的 .     

谈高中对话课实施交际功能的策略

随着中国经济改革开放的深入,并已成为WTO中的一员,作为世界应用较广的语言英语愈发显得重要.时代要求这一代中学生将能把英语当作"普通话"来使用.那么如何实现这一目标,培养学生的交际能力,这是我们英语教师在课堂教学中应思考的问题,因为课堂教学是实现教学目标的主要途径.现在大多数高中英语教师在高中阶段只注重培养学生的阅读能力,注重解决课文中的知识点、语言点,甚至把对话课上成了朗读课、精读课,而忽略了对学生听说能力的培养.听说读写应是相辅相成的而不应该顾此失彼.如何就对话课型实施口笔头交际功能,有效地组织学生围绕所理解和吸收的口头及笔头知识和信息开展听说读写活动,提高学生的语用技能,提出以下几点设想.     

人文叙述与高校审美教育

高校是审美教育的重要场所。提高学生的审美修养,树立健康高尚的审美观,是高校美育教师不断努力的目标。美育教师应注重调动学生的积极性,用人文叙述的语言讲解美学知识,用教师自身对美的挚爱教学,才能达到良好的教学效果。     

英汉委婉语的语用共性与差异

委婉语（Euphemism）是人类语言使用过程中的一种普遍现象。英汉两种语言都有大量的委婉语，它们在使用领域、语用功能及特点方面具有颇多相同之处。但因为它们分别属于不同的语系，以不同文化背景和历史传统为生存基础，所以在其使用方面又有很大不同，折射出明显的文化痕迹，主要表现在宗教信仰、历史传统和社会价值观三个方面。     

学习国情知识在俄语教学中的重要作用

俄语教学中的国情知识即反映俄罗斯民族文化特点的有关内容。主要是在讲授语言基础知识的同时,向学生传授所学语言国家的国情知识,从而使学生加深对语言的理解,提高学生对所学语言的学习兴趣,使其更好地掌握和运     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.