导弹预警卫星调度问题分析

以美国天基红外系统的结构和功能为基准,阐述了导弹预警卫星的工作原理和作战流程.采用六元组对导弹预警卫星调度问题进行了详细分析和数学描述.这六元组分别是传感器资源集、可疑目标集、系统状态集、调度约束集、目标可用信息集、调度优化目标集.针对该问题具有实时性和不确定性的特点,提出了一种基于事件和周期相结合的调度方法,给出了一个传感器分配的泛化模型.     

卫星预警探测仿真模型研究

卫星预警探测系统对弹道导弹防御作战有重要影响.在分析卫星预警探测仿真模型的结构组成、运行机制和功能原理的基础上,构建了卫星预警探测仿真模型,并对构建内容进行了阐述.通过建立目标红外信号仿真数据表和背景大气辐射信号仿真数据表,提出了一种简单实用、操作性强的信噪比检测计算方法.最后,对模型进行了验证分析.仿真结果验证了卫星预警探测仿真模型探测弹道导弹目标的有效性和可行性.构建的模型可用于战争模拟系统中的导弹防御作战仿真.     

从DSP到SBIRS:美国导弹预警卫星系统的发展

为了对付苏联的战略弹道导弹威胁,美空军干60年代末制定了利用卫星进行导弹预警的“国防支援计划”(DSP)。DSP 卫星是美军战略预警系统中最重要的预警手段,用于提供来袭陆基洲际弹道导弹和潜射弹道导弹的攻击信息。DSP 卫星预警系统已日益老化DSP 卫星自1970年11月投入使用以来,至今已服役30个春秋。DSP 的整个预警星座由5颗卫星组成,其中3颗为工     

天基预警系统资源调度方法

对面向导弹预警任务的天基预警系统中的低轨卫星资源调度问题进行了研究.对预警任务的特性进行分析,提出了一种预警任务规划与分解方法以减少任务对资源占用时间的需求;在此基础上建立了该问题的约束满足CSP调度模型;针对该模型变量多、解空间规模庞大的特点以及对求解算法时效性的要求,设计了一种基于局部解空间跳出机制的改进型遗传算法MGA.仿真表明该模型与算法在给定时间内能够得到满意的调度方案.     

预警卫星对战术弹道导弹预警能力研究

从研究DSP预警卫星预警原理出发,分析了战术弹道导弹主动段的弹道特征和尾焰的红外辐射特性,从关机点速度预报偏差与射程偏差的角度,基于弹道学原理并利用三次样条插值方法,建立了DSP预警卫星对常规战术弹道预警能力仿真模型,通过仿真计算,可以发现在无干扰条件下,DSP预警卫星对弹道导弹落点预报精度非常高。     

单颗卫星对弹道导弹的预警模型及其仿真

卫星预警系统在现代战争中发挥着重要的作用.通过分析研究,建立了单颗预警卫星对战术弹道导弹(TBM)预警的数学模型,主要包括了用预警卫星探测信息确定TBM坐标的模型,并对TBM弹道参数的精度进行了分析,得出了具有一定理论意义和工程应用价值的结论.     

美国空间发展公司研制小型导弹预警卫星

美国空间发展公司(SpaceDev)正在研制微型试验性导弹预警卫星．用于探测和跟踪助推段及中段飞行的弹道导弹。2004年3月,国防部授予该公司一项为期5年、价值4300万美元的合同,以实施“微型卫星分布式传感验证”计划。据SpaceDev公司称．该计划包括设计、制造和运行由3颗编队飞行微型卫星组成的星群．以跟踪助推段及中段飞行的弹道导弹。星上传感器由空间动力学实验室制造。     

基于证据理论的助推段弹道导弹目标威胁评估

针对助推段弹道导弹目标威胁评估面临信息不确定的情况,提出了一种基于证据理论的威胁评估方法.首先分析了影响威胁评估的主要因素,选取了威胁评估指标;接着分析了威胁评估面临的不确定性问题,给出了基于证据理论的威胁评估思路;然后提出了基于证据理论的助推段弹道导弹目标威胁评估方法;最后对方法的有效性进行了实例验证.本文的研究对反导部队作战准备和反导预警资源优化调度具有重要意义.     

单星观测下弹道导弹状态估计与预测误差分析

如何利用预警卫星提供的弹道导弹主动段状态信息,以及被动段的预测信息引导预警雷达及时捕获弹道导弹目标,是反导预警信息系统的一项重要功能。为此,需要准确获取目标的状态估计与预测误差。针对单星观测下基于标准模板的弹道导弹主动段状态估计算法,获得了关机点状态参数以及估计误差,为改善状态估计提供了依据。在此基础上建立了预测误差估计模型,为优化设定预警雷达搜索区域奠定了基础。     

太空哨兵:美、俄天基预警系统

预警卫星是一种用于监视、发现和跟踪敌方战略弹道导弹的军用侦察卫星。自20世纪60年代以来,预警卫星作为战略防御系统的重要组成部分受到高度重视。美、苏/俄两国逐步建立了比较完善的天基预警系统。研究美、俄/苏     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.