高超声速防空导弹结构防热技术展望

近年来,高超声速防空导弹成为各军事大国研究热门。高超声速防空导弹飞行速度马赫数超过5,因此如何准确确定气动加热环境和进行热防护设计,选择合适的防热结构方案,是研制高超声速防空导弹的重要关键技术。基于未来高超声速防空导弹可能面临的热环境,并结合目前国内外在热防护材料及热结构方面的发展状况,介绍几种适合未来高超声速防空导弹的防热设计方案。     

国外高超声速武器攻防发展态势研究

近年来,伴随高超声速技术飞速发展,各国积极推动高超声速导弹武器系统研究,在加快进攻性高超声速导弹武器研制的同时,加紧开展临近空间高超声速导弹防御技术研究.深入分析了国外高超声速进攻武器的发展布局及高超防御体系的概况,归纳了高超声速武器攻防作战的应用样式,并分析了对国家安全构成的挑战.可以对高超声速进攻武器与防御技术发展...     

高超声速巡航飞行器纵向气动特性分析

吸气式高超声速巡航飞行器机身/发动机一体化特性使得气动一推进系统之间存在强的耦合作用,这种耦合影响着飞行器气动性能、稳定性和控制.针对耦合对飞行器特性的影响,建立了机身一发动机一体化模型,并进行了气动-推进界面划分.在此基础上,分别计算了高超声速巡航飞行器在进气道打开,发动机不工作以及进气道打开,发动机工作两种状态下的纵向气动特性.仿真结果揭示了高超声速巡航飞行器气动一推进系统之间的耦合以及耦合作用对飞行器气动性能、稳定性的影响.     

临近空间高超声速目标防御技术需求分析

从临近空间高超声速武器目标特性出发,分析了临近空间导弹攻防特性,讨论了对临近空间高超声速目标防御中防空导弹设计的难点和不足。从中牵引出临近空间高超声速目标拦截系统的各个专业的技术需求,特别是对预警探测、导弹总体、制导控制等专业带来的新问题和新需求进行了详细分析。这些技术需求可以供临近空间防御能力建设和相关技术专业建设参考。     

美国高超声速飞行器技术研究进展及其启示

为了实现常规型即时全球打击能力质的飞跃,必须把高超声速飞行器技术列为优先发展的重点技术之一.文章综述了近年来美国高超声速技术飞行器技术的研究进展,主要包括HyFly计划、X-43A计划、X-51A计划、HTV-2计划、常规打击导弹(CSM)计划、弧光导弹(Arclight)计划、X-37B计划和高超声速基础研究计划(N...     

美国高超声速技术发展计划

美国自20世纪50年代开始研究吸气式高超声速技术。冷战期间,美国出于军备竞赛和争夺技术领先的需要,提出过许多超燃冲压发动机及高超声速飞行器发展计划,如先进战略空射导弹(ASALM)、超燃冲压发动机导弹(SCRAM)、高超声速研究用发动机计划(HREP)、国家空天飞机计划(NASP)等。这些计划虽均中途夭折,但在关键技术方面取得了重大突破,大大推动了美国高超声速技术的发展。仅美国航空航天局兰利中心在     

高超声速滑翔飞行器气动性能的数值模拟研究

由于具有高的升阻比,乘波构型被认为是高超声速滑翔飞行器的重点参考外形.考虑到高超声速条件下严重的气动加热问题,乘波构型的尖锐前缘需要进行钝化处理,其表面流动特征及气动性能也随之发生变化.基于参考弹道,本文分析了高超声速滑翔飞行器沿飞行轨迹的表面流场特征,并对其在典型飞行工况下的气动性能开展了数值模拟研究.结果表明:对于采用乘波布局设计的高超声速滑翔飞行器,其驻点流动存在三维效应,不能简单视为球头或圆柱绕流;钝化可以缓和严峻的受热形势,同时对其气动力性能造成影响:在2cm钝化半径条件下,其升阻比下降12.34％;高超声速滑翔飞行器的表面受热存在明显的分区特征,不同区域可采用不同的防热处理方法.     

高超声速过渡区气动热的DSMC数值模拟研究

气动热是制约高超声速飞行器设计的主要因素之一,当飞行高度大于40 km时流场中存在局部过渡区流动特性,基于分子动力学的DSMC方法是解决高超声速过渡区气动热计算的有效途径之一。针对高超声速飞行器的典型球锥外形,采用DSMC方法开展了过渡区流动气动热特性研究,分析了当流场具有过渡区流动特性时,飞行马赫数和飞行高度对气动热的影响规律,并与Fay-Riddell驻点热流的工程算法作了对比分析。计算结果表明,DSMC方法在高超声速过渡区流动气动热计算中可以得到较好的结果,适用于高超声速过渡区流场气动热的计算与分析。     

高超声速巡航导弹及其关键技术

高超声速巡航导弹是指巡航速度等于或大于5马赫的新一代巡航导弹。目前,美、俄、法、德、日、印度等国正在开发高超声速巡航导弹的关键技术。虽然尚未研制出实用型的导弹,但作为发展高超声速技术的突破口,本世纪初高超声速巡航导弹将可能问世。本文介绍高超声速巡航导弹的主要特点、关键技术进展以及各国研制计划的概况。     

稠密大气中高超声速导引头红外成像面临的机遇、挑战与对策

高超声速飞行器的发展将给世界军事变革带来重大影响,进而形成全球军事强国新的空天对抗焦点。在此背景下,高超声速武器与集光、机、电为一体的红外成像制导技术的结合,将形成各种远程高超声速红外成像制导的精确打击武器,实现飞得快而且打得准,进而更加充分地发挥高超声速武器的威力。但是,稠密大气中高超声速导引头红外成像面临着较为严重的气动光学效应,严重制约了红外成像制导技术在高超声速武器中的应用。重点分析了红外成像制导技术在高超声速武器精确打击中的应用前景,指出了该技术发展可能遇到的主要技术难点,提出了一些可供参考的解决方法。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.