面向联合作战的语义参考模型MIM研究与运用

针对盟国多军兵种联合作战数据共享交换的需求,北约面向指挥控制和仿真互操作域提出了多边互操作性规划信息模型(MIM)。MIM作为核心数据框架的语义参考模型,支持互操作性规范的开发及其特定流程。介绍了MIM的开发需求和发展历史,分析了MIM语义信息注释模型的方法,总结了MIM的工具和服务,然后结合其特点,从适用性、应用策略等方面对MIM作为语义参考模型支持跨系统信息共享进行了研究,并给出了具体的应用示例。为语义参考模型的应用及其在多军兵种联合作战中的数据共享交换提供基础。     

基于微服务的数据安全共享服务平台

本文针对多源数据融合及共享应用的需求，以可信受控存储为基础，采用机构间融合数据共享服务模式，并构建合规的数据安全共享平台应用平台，提供微服务架构，通过API网关安全接入服务注册、发布、订阅、调用、注销等全生命周期的数据服务管理。此外，针对多源数据融合共享应用的需求，平台采用基于微服务的数据安全共享架构，通过访问控制策略管理、敏感数据流转监测、异常行为监测与管控等技术，实现内外部数据的跨域安全共享。构建大规模多维数据的融合共享服务平台，实现跨平台、跨主体、跨部门的数据安全使用，解决数据的协同应用问题。     

自动性能监测增强“海狼“潜艇控制维修性

本文讨论了为增强可维修性而加入“海狼”舰艇控制系统中的各种能力,并如何证明研制和最初的服役过程中它们是有效的,这些能力包括自动性能监测以及故障定位功能(PM/FL),还有一台具有I/O监测功能的维修计算机,用于排除系统故障。 这种PM/FL方法的成功为未来潜艇和水面舰艇带来了巨大的希望,它将使操作和进行舰船控制的舰员数量减少。但是这种PM/FL功能也是需要代价的;确定,开发和测试PM/FL所需要的复杂的决策算法是困难的。还应注意,“海狼”的有效性直接归因于容错设计中的冗余能力。 本文介绍了这种方法怎样从早期潜艇演变而来,迄今为止和有关“海狼”(PM/FL)测试和“海狼”潜艇控制维修的一些经验。本文也概括了系统的设计,讨论了有助于有效维修的容错结构的特点。叙述了在制定PM/FL规格、设计和进行彻底的鉴定过程中所遇到的困难。对未来的系统如何从自动维修性能中获益也作了一些推测。     

一种面向公共服务的跨域授权模型的研究及实现

文章提出一种基于策略的RBAC的跨域统一授权模型,在基于策略的RBAC单域授权模型的研究基础上,扩展单域模型为多域模型,通过授权控制中心之间建立跨域级联机制,构成广域授权网络,实现面向多应用系统、大型公共服务域的跨域统一自动授权机制.     

基于元数据的作战数据资源目录体系构建

如何摸清作战数据资源底数,解决“数据孤岛”问题,实现作战数据资源跨领域融合共享,是作战数据建设运用过程中面临的突出问题。基于元数据、目录服务等技术,开展作战数据资源目录体系构建相关研究。界定作战数据资源元数据和作战数据资源目录概念内涵,提出作战数据资源目录体系总体框架,设计作战数据资源核心元数据分类模型,提出一套基于元数据的作战数据资源目录构建方法和服务模式,为作战数据资源目录体系建设提供了有效的技术路径,为推动作战数据资源融合与共享作出有益探索。     

结合多视角学习与一致性表征的人脸伪造检测

现有的人脸伪造检测方法通常在已知域上表现较好,但面临过拟合的风险,在应对未知场景时无法保持良好的检测能力。为解决此问题,提出一种结合多视角学习与一致性表征的人脸伪造检测框架。为捕获更全面的伪造痕迹,将输入图像转换为两种互补视角并采用双流骨干网络进行多视角特征学习。引入一致性度量,以补丁级监督的方式明确约束不同视角输出的局部特征的相似度。为提高检测精度,采用特征分解策略进一步优化伪造特征,减少不相关因素的干扰,并以伪造特征空间的决策作为最终的预测结果。在基准数据集上进行的大量实验表明,所提出的方法优于现有的主流模型,具备良好的跨域泛化能力。     

普通党员与“三个代表”

在学习江主席“三个代表”重要思想中,听到这样一种说法:“三个代表”是对党的中高级组织和各级领导干部的要求,与普通党员没有多大关系,学得再好也不指望成为“三个代表”的代表。言外之意是,普通党员可以划在学习的圈外,可以自己设一个一跨即越的横杆。这是不足取的。     

基于pLSA模型的人体动作识别

提出一种基于主题模型的人体动作识别方法。该方法首先提取时空兴趣点(STIP,space-time interest point)来描述人体运动,然后提出使用慢特征分析(SFA, slow feature analysis)算法计算兴趣点梯度信息不变量最优解,最后使用概率潜在语义分析 (pLSA, probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis) 模型识别人体动作。SFA计算的梯度不变量最优解可以表示时空兴趣点固有特征,能够无歧义反映时空兴趣点在空间及时间方向上的信息。同时,针对pLSA隐性主题正确性无法保证的缺点,算法将主题与动作标签“一对一”相关,通过监督方式得到主题,保证了训练中主题的正确性。该算法在KTH人体运动数据库和Weizmann人体动作数据库进行了训练与测试,动作识别结果正确率分别在91.50%和97%以上。     

分布虚拟战场环境CGF行为调度

提出了一种分布虚拟战场环境中计算机生成兵力(CGF)实体行为调度方法,该方法由仿真结点对结点中运行的所有本地CGF实体及异地实体的远程模型所产生的行为进行集中式调度。通过本地CGF实体的兴趣域动态决定需要执行的异地实体远程模型行为的优先级及执行最后时限,通过将本地所有CGF实体的兴趣域合并,减少仿真结点需要调度的异地实体远程模型数量,进一步降低仿真结点的计算开销。该方法可以有效地确保分布虚拟战场环境对仿真实时性及真实性的要求。     

基于控制器动态线性化的数据驱动ILC

针对未知非线性非仿射重复离散时间系统,将迭代域的动态线性化技术应用于非线性被控系统和未知非线性理想学习控制器,提出一种新的数据驱动迭代学习控制方案。通过设计一种改进的无模型自适应迭代学习控制算法对理想学习控制器的增益进行估计,该方案仅利用非线性系统的输入输出数据,便可自动调整迭代学习控制律。数值仿真和对高速列车模型的仿真验证了该方法的有效性和适用性。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.