离散变速趋近律抖振机理及鲁棒性研究

研究基于离散变速趋近律的变结构控制设计问题.利用不等式形式到达条件研究变速趋近律的抖振机理,并对其鲁棒性进行分析.研究结果表明,只要不确定因素有界,即可保证闭环系统的鲁棒稳定性,而通过调整变速趋近律自身参数,可以避免抖振并使系统具有良好的动态品质.将理论成果用于某型船舶航向自动舵的设计,实验结果证实了它的有效性.     

改进幂指数趋近律的航空发动机模糊滑模控制

针对滑模变结构控制趋近运动不具有鲁棒性的问题,提出了一种基于改进幂指数趋近律的航空发动机模糊滑模控制策略。采用一种参数模糊自调节的时变滑模面,"主动迎上"系统状态轨迹,而不是被动等待系统状态轨迹落在滑模面上,缩短趋近运动时间,提高控制器的鲁棒性;并提出了一种改进的幂指数趋近律,进一步削弱抖振。仿真结果表明,所设计的控制器取得了令人满意的控制效果,能有效地抑制干扰和参数不确定性的影响,削弱抖振。     

变幂次趋近律的滑模制导在防空反导中的应用

为解决导弹在防空反导末制导段攻击机动目标时运用滑模制导方法出现的抖振问题,提出了一种基于变幂次趋近律的滑模制导律.将目标机动视为干扰,通过设计滑模观测器能精确地观测出干扰,将其补偿到制导指令中,改善了导弹的制导效果.将采用改进的变幂次趋近律提高系统的滑模动态的收敛速度,提高其稳定精度.通过与指数趋近律方法相比,该导引律在攻击机动目标的过程中,弹目视线角速率及视线角误差收敛于0的速度更快,并有效地削弱了抖振问题,在加入外部干扰后仍可维持高精度,使导弹的制导性能保持更优的状态.     

离散混沌系统的模糊滑模控制设计

采用T-S模糊模型描述离散混沌系境.将离散混沌系统模糊化为局部线性模型.依据Lyapunov穗定性定理和线性系统滑模控制趋近律设计方法,设计了一种新型的离散滑模控制嚣,谊控制嚣不仅能保证局部线性模型浙近穗定.而且能确保模糊动态模型全局渐近稳定.利用Matlab对确定Henon系统和不确定Henon系统进行了数值仿真.结...     

离散滑模预测控制的鲁棒性

采用单步预测的思想对滑模预测控制算法进行简化,分析其鲁棒性机理,并将它与传统离散滑模控制设计方法的鲁棒性机理进行对比研究,给出了闭环系统的鲁棒稳定性证明。结果表明:传统离散滑模控制方法通过在控制律中引入不确定性上界值以克服不确定因素的影响,虽然能够保证系统的鲁棒性,但同时必然导致过度补偿,从而加剧抖振。而滑模预测控制采用反馈校正与滚动优化相结合的方法以保证系统鲁棒性,从原理上避免了抖振现象。仿真结果验证了理论分析的正确性。     

基于新型滑模面的机械臂快速轨迹跟踪滑模变结构控制

从滑模变结构控制的趋近运动和滑模运动两个阶段人手,分别对影响其性能的滑模面和趋近律进行了设计．首先,基于线性滑模面和终端滑模面,设计了一种具有较快收敛速度的新型非线性滑模面,以缩短系统在滑模运动阶段的运动时间．同时,根据幂次趋近律提出了一种改进的趋近律设计方法,保证了其趋近运动的速度,并减弱了传统滑模变结构控制所固有的抖振．最后,将该方法用于机械臂的滑模轨迹跟踪控制策略设计,仿真结果表明,该策略保证了机械臂对期望轨迹的快速跟踪,具有较强的鲁棒性,并且验证了控制策略的有效性．     

制导炮弹非线性滑模控制器设计

为了提高制导炮弹的精确打击能力,研究了一种非线性滑模变结构控制器。利用近似最优控制理论确定了非线性滑模面,并设计了舵面的控制律,使得系统状态快速达到并保持在滑模面,采用指数趋近律和饱和函数减轻了滑模控制带来的抖振,实现对控制指令的跟踪。仿真表明,设计的非线性控制器能有效处理制导炮弹的非线性耦合问题,快速响应控制指令,并且在气动参数摄动时体现出较强的鲁棒性,具有良好的工程应用前景。     

基于离散滑模变结构的惯稳回路控制研究

为进一步提高惯稳系统的稳定精度，设计了滑模变结构控制器（SMC）。采用指数趋近率设计时，通过调整等速趋近参数 和指数趋近参数 ，来减小抖振并提高趋近速度。以某实际惯稳平台数学模型为控制对象进行仿真时，由于系统限制，提出以陀螺输出信号近似代替SMC的理论输入值。仿真结果表明，采用SMC算法的系统在跟踪精度和抗干扰能力上明显优于传统PID，系统抖振非常微弱，可以忽略不计。     

基于主动磁轴承飞轮转子的滑模变结构控制研究

针对主动磁轴承飞轮转子系统存在较多不确定因素的问题,设计了滑模变结构控制器,其中采用Lyapunov方法建立滑模面,由比例型到达律确定到达控制器,同时由Lyapunov第二方法证明了闭环系统的渐进稳定性.仿真结果表明,系统的位移和速度能在较短时间内收敛到零,抖振较小,系统动态响应较快,稳定精度较高,对外界干扰和参数变化具有较强的鲁棒性,从而达到了较好的控制效果.     

一种有视线角约束的模糊变系数变结构制导律北大核心

针对有末端视线角约束下拦截高速机动目标的场景,设计了一种模糊变系数变结构制导律。提出了一种自适应变结构制导律,制导律可以根据弹目距离自适应调整趋近滑模面的速度;用饱和函数代替制导律中的开关项,有效消除了系统抖振。仿真表明,拦截高速非机动和高速机动目标,提出的变结构制导律均可以满足视线角约束和脱靶量要求,但需用过载较大。为解决需用过载较大的问题,引入模糊控制方法,设计模糊控制器对变结构制导律中的导引系数进行优化,得到了一种模糊变系数变结构制导律,可以满足视线角约束且有效抑制了系统的需用过载。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.