利用交互依赖活动集对C4ISR系统进行重组

一个复杂的C4ISR系统由若干子系统组成,子系统之间的交互依赖关系应该尽量少.利用活动模型构造系统的活动邻接矩阵,用图论中的路径矩阵来识别强连通子图,从而得出交互依赖活动集.具有交互依赖关系的活动尽量安排在一个子系统内部.利用这种方法来对C4ISR系统进行重组.     

复杂环境下防空体系效能评估的网络环模型研究与应用

随着当前防空指挥控制体系正逐步由"以平台为中心"向以"网络为中心"转变,与此相关的网络化的效能分析却一直进展不大,原因之一就在于缺乏合适的网络模型和方法对其进行描述和分析.基于此,通过构建防空指挥控制体系网络环模型,设计了一种求取邻接矩阵Perron-Frobenius特征值(PFE)的评估方法,该模型清晰地反映了防空指挥控制体系的复杂网络化结构,其邻接矩阵特征值能较好地反映防空指挥控制体系的网络化作战效能.通过一个高炮防空指挥控制网络的实例,分别分析了在理想环境和在电磁干扰的复杂环境下,防空指挥控制体系核心转移的过程及其邻接矩阵的特征值,证明该方法结构明晰,简单可行,对防空指挥控制体系的网络化效能分析是有效的.     

一种利用波叠加法计算声辐射模态的新方法

针对目前对于复杂结构的声辐射模态尚无简便计算方法的问题,利用波叠加法提出了一种适合复杂结构声辐射模态计算的方法。该方法通过波叠加法建立了辐射结构内部等效点源与表面法向振速的关系,得到了辐射阻抗矩阵的表达式,有效解决了一般方法在求解辐射阻抗矩阵时存在的困难。在此基础上,对辐射阻抗矩阵进行特征分解得到复杂结构的声辐射模态,并通过数值计算证明了该方法的有效性。     

防空系统建模与目标价值排序方法

针对当前防空系统模型的构建和评估偏向于定性处理以及仅考虑其结构特性而忽视了系统中目标与关系自身属性的问题,在分析现有模型与评估方法的基础上,提出了基于邻接矩阵的防空系统模型,定义了能力评估向量,采用目标对体系能力贡献程度的目标价值综合评价方法,并引用Pareto占优中等级前沿和拥挤距离的思想提出了目标等级和目标离散度的概念,形成了非劣性价值排序算法,同时使用加权以及性价比方法和其他网络评估方法排序,采用自身设计以及随机生成案例进行仿真实验,结果验证了基于邻接矩阵的防空系统模型以及价值排序算法的有效性。     

基于矩阵的C4ISR系统结构设计评价

主要目的是提出两种矩阵方法对C4ISR系统结构进行评价.其中邻接矩阵法用于评价C4ISR系统之间的互连互通性,对于评价规模较大、结构复杂的系统结构较为适用;模糊矩阵法用于评价系统之间的相似性,通过科学的评价指标体系消除系统之间的冗余.这些方法是当前主流的经验评价方法(如ATAM方法)的有效补充,具有一定的科学性和合理性.最后分别给出了两种方法的一个应用实例,体现了其在工程实践上的价值.     

图结构与Dijkstra算法在无人机航迹规划中的应用

对无人机任务区域内的航迹可以按照航迹节点和航迹段的方式建立拓扑关系。用图结构的形式对其进行描述,并用邻接矩阵和权值矩阵对该数据结构进行表达。根据Dijkstra算法的原理计算出由出发点到各航迹节点间的最短航迹。     

结构解析建模方法在舰艇训练计划中的应用

根据舰艇训练计划特点,运用结构解析模型分析舰艇训练计划,建立训练内容的邻接矩阵与可达矩阵,划分训练内容的层次,并进行分层优化排列配置.建立的结构解析模型在计划实施过程中可根据外部因素的变化,提出适应不同变化的计划方案,能很好适用于实际的训练环境,大大提高了时间、资源利用率和保障舰艇的训练安全,对现有舰艇训练方法起到很好的改进作用.     

最小路算法在网络型控制系统可靠度计算中的应用

本文主要介绍了最小路算法在计算网络型控制系统可靠度中的应用,包括最小路的定义,用邻接矩阵法求网络系统的最小路,用不交集合的方法求系统的可靠度,并举例进行计算,最后对计算结果进行分析。文章对较复杂系统可靠度的计算有一定的实际意义,对系统的可靠性设计有一定的指导作用。     

基于能力关系的作战体系结构演化涌现效应

从体系涌现行为与期望目标一致程度的角度定义了作战体系结构能力可信性的概念,根据体系能力关系,借鉴图论中的邻接图理论,构建了作战体系结构能力可信性模型,并在能力可信性模型基础上设计了能力可信性模型的设计结构矩阵和邻接矩阵,给出了能力可信性模型可达矩阵的求解方法,建立了作战体系结构能力贡献度模型和能力依赖度模型,最后阐述了作战体系结构的演化类型,并讨论了能力贡献度、能力依赖度的变化与作战体系结构演化涌现效应的联系,从而为作战体系结构演化提供一种定量的管理、控制和评价的手段。     

C~4ISR系统结构的网络分析

针对现代网络中心战中C~4ISR系统的特点,从复杂网络的角度,对C~4ISR系统结构进行了网络分析.采用基于多智能体的仿真方法,建立了两种C~4ISR系统的网络结构仿真模型,基于这些模型研究了不同网络结构下信息的失真率和延迟量.讨论了信息失真和延迟分别对集中式网络与分布式网络作战效能的影响.结果表明所提思路和方法是正确、有效的.     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.