舰用燃气轮机起动失效分析

以舰用燃气轮机为对象,在简述燃气轮机起动过程的基础上,分析其起动失效的各种原因,提出解决的方法,为燃气轮机的操作及维护提供参考．     

日本主力驱逐舰动力装置剖析

被誉为日本主力驱逐舰的“朝雾”、“金刚”、“村雨”三级舰,均采用由4台燃气轮机组成的燃气轮机联合动力装置(COGAG)。表面上看,各级舰的动力系统是一样的,但它们之间还是有区别的。仅海上自卫队,包括原型机在内,所使用的柴油机有将近30种不同的机型,而燃气轮机只有6种机型,其中导弹艇用的LM 500与“初     

前言

本文以一九七七年十月——一九七八年三月英国罗尔斯·罗依斯公司和霍克·西德来公司在来华技术坐谈中提供的技术资料为主要依据,同时也参考了目前所能查到的有关中外文献资料,编写而成。其主要内容包括:“奥林普斯”燃气轮机发展及改装的概况;舰用“奥林普斯”TM3B 燃气轮机的主要性能和技术数据;舰用“奥林普斯”TM3B     

志存高远 中国舰用燃气轮机总师访谈录

闻雪友,中国工程院院士。1940年出生,1962年7月上海交通大学毕业后分配到中国船舶工业总公司第七研究院703所工作至今,1984年6月任研究所总工程师,1992年至2000年任研究所所长。闻院士长期从事舰船/工业燃气轮机装置的研究设计工作,曾任我国多型舰用燃气轮机机组的研制负责人,后又曾组织实施多项与燃气轮机相关的大型民用工程,为我国舰用燃气轮机的发展和民用化进程做出了重要贡献。在40多年的科研生涯中,闻院士获国家及省部级科技成果奖8项。闻院士现任某型国产化船用燃气轮机的总设计师和"高温气冷反应实验堆"工程中我国首次研制的"闭式氦气透平压气机组"的总设计师。2007年6月,本刊记者对闻院士进行了专访。     

燃气轮机在中型水面舰艇的应用与发展

三十年前第一艘燃气轮机舰艇问世后,人们很快就发现了燃气轮机作为舰艇主机的独特长处和潜在优势。燃气轮机单机功率大、机组重量轻尺寸小、机动性好、工作可靠、易管理维修、可快速更换,较好地满足了现代水面舰艇对主机的战术性能的要求。起初燃气轮机主要是做小型水面舰艇的加速主机,随着舰用燃气轮机性能的日益完善,它被越来越多的水面舰艇所采用,不仅做加速主机,并且做巡航主机。六十年代末开始建造的中型水面舰艇,大都装有燃气轮机。截至1975年1月为止,三十多个国家共拥有644艘燃气轮机舰艇,装舰总台数达1573台,总功率约1569万马力。现就国外燃气轮机在中型水面舰艇的使用和发展情况介绍如下。     

日本船用燃气轮机

本文综述了日本船用燃气轮机的发展情况,并较为全面、系统地介绍了日本各型船用燃气轮机及其装船情况。分析了日本发展船用燃气轮机的特点和趋势,以便使读者对日本船用燃气轮机及其装舰情况的全貌有一个比较清楚的了解。     

WR—21舰用燃气轮机

WR—21为美海军根据先进水面机械设备计划研制的功率为26400马力的中冷回热舰用燃气轮机。在 WR—21两年的计划实施过程中,威斯汀豪斯公司和罗罗公司的工作组设计了燃气轮机的所有硬件,完成了大部分的模型和部件试验。作为 WR—21中冷回热燃气轮机的主包商,威斯汀豪斯公司的船用分部对 WR—21系统全权负     

舰用“奥林普斯”燃气轮机推进装置

“奥林普斯”燃气轮机发展概况舰用“奥林普斯”燃气轮机是由航空涡轮喷气发动机改装而成的大功率舰艇主机。其燃气发生器的母型就是航空“奥林普斯”MK201型发动机。一、航空“奥林普斯”发动机的演变早在一九四六年,英国为了装备远程轰炸机,开始设计低油耗、大推力的航空燃气轮机。从热力学观点考虑,若要降低简单循环燃气轮机的耗油率,就必须提高燃气的初参数,即提高燃气的温度和压力。当时承担此项研制工作的布列斯托尔公司(于一九六七     

新一代舰用燃气轮机即将问世

自从60年代英国皇家海军决定水面舰艇动力采用然气轮机以来,舰用燃气轮机获得了迅速发展。西方国家在发展舰用燃气轮机过程中选择了采用成熟的航空发动机改型的道路,英国的“太因”、“埃汶”、“斯贝”、“奥林普斯”及 RB211,美国的 LM 2500、LM 500、LM1600、FT 9等均被广泛用于海军舰艇。其中,通用电气公司的 LM 2500是美国当前海军舰艇的主要动力。由于在航空发动机基础上衍生的轻型燃气轮机具有优异的性能,因此,是否采用燃气轮机已经成为海军装备现代化的一个重要标志。     

解耦的三轴气浮台非线性模糊变结构鲁棒控制问题

针对飞行器全物理仿真三轴气浮台这一具有不确定性的、耦合的非线性系统,对其动力学耦合和可解耦性问题进行了分析、计算和证明.通过综合变结构控制和模糊控制,给出了一种新的非线性控制系统设计方法,此方法既可以避免变结构控制所固有的颤动现象,同时由于该模糊控制律的解析性,所以也具有实现简单,易于工程化的优点.仿真结果表明,给出的模糊变结构控制,对飞行器模型不确定性和外来干扰具有较强的和良好的跟踪性能.     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.