重点武器装备研制经费管理探讨

文章阐述了当前重点武器装备研制经费管理存在的问题,分析了研制经费升高的原因,提出了加强重点武器装备研制经费管理的建议,即科学论证决策,加强武器装备全寿命费用管理;引入竞争机制,培育武器装备价格竞争市场;加强经费预测,实现武器装备价格工作的前伸;建立健全法规,规范武器装备研制工作。     

武器装备研制和发展的瓶颈与对策

本文对武器装备研制过程中存在的一些主要问题进行了分析,提出武器装备研制体制与政策方面的改进建议,以使我军能获得满足使用要求并能充分发挥效能的武器装备.     

GJB 6387-2008的解读

本文对GJB 6387-2008《武器装备研制项目专用规范编写规定》的主要内容进行了分析,以探讨在武器装备研制中编写专用规范的重点。     

我军武器装备研制费用增长原因分析

我军武器装备研制费用呈逐年上升趋势,其原因主要有:技术性能的提高、通货膨胀、工时费用上涨、管理机制的变更。文章在调研的基础上,分析了武器装备技术性能等诸因素对武器装备研制费用增长的影响。     

“常规武器装备研制程序”的不足与改进

我国早期制定的《常规武器装备研制程序》,已不能适应当今武器装备研制过程中的可靠性和装备综合保障的新的观念和要求.现分析了原研制程序在这方面的不足,并提出修订研制程序的阶段划分并调整各阶段工作内容的建议;从根本上规范了武器装备研制工作,使其与装备综合保障工作同步进行和相互协调,以求所研制的武器装备交付部队使用后,能尽快形成战斗力.     

试论标准化在高新技术武器装备技术创新中的作用

阐述了技术创新在发展高新技术武器装备中的重要性和标准化在高新技术武器装备创新中的作用，分析了武器装备研制技术创新与标准化之间的关系，提出了在高新技术武器装备创新中重视和加强标准化工作的建议。     

外军无人化武器装备的运用趋势探析

随着信息化军事技术的不断发展和应用，无人化武器装备在现代战争中的地位和作用日益重要。本文立足于无人化武器装备在现代战争中的重要地位和作用，从无人化武器装备的研制、无人化武器装备战斗力的形成以及无人化武器装备研制和运用的法规三方面入手，分析无人化武器装备发展和应用的现状、特点和趋势。     

对我国武器装备研制费用估算现状的分析及改进建议

本文简要回顾了美国控制武器装备费用增长的政策和措施,研究了我国武器装备费用分析的现状,提高了市场经济条件下改进我国武器装备研制费用管理和控制的政策建议。     

航空武器装备作战工效学创新研究

针对现有武器装备在操作使用上的问题,提出一种基于航空武器装备作战工效学的装备分析评估方法。给出了航空武器装备作战工效学的基本定义、基本特征。介绍了航空武器装备作战工效学的发展现状;分析了航空武器装备作战工效学在装备研制方面的重要意义并概述了其对于子学科发展的重要作用。     

大中型综合仿真训练系统工程研制的风险探讨

采用综合仿真训练系统替代武器装备对使用和管理人员进行培训、考核已成为现代武器装备训练中的常用方法之一。文中以大中型综合仿真训练系统为研究对象,分析了工程研制中可能存在的风险因素,给出了风险评估模型及有效的风险控制方法,对武器装备工程研制中的风险管理与控制有一定的参考价值。     

消防投入非效率现象的经济学分析

首次提出消防投入非效率的观点,通过典型火灾案例的分析,归纳总结消防投入非效率现象的主要表现形式,运用经济学原理分析消防投入非效率现象存在的原因,对当前消防安全领域投入非效率现象进行理论探讨,并提出消除消防投入非效率现象的对策建议,以期破解消防工作中普遍存在的消防投入的经济“瓶颈”问题,指导政府、企业、个人和其他组织作出更加理性的消防投入决策,加快构建和谐社会消防工作新格局的建设进程。     

Lateral capacity exchange and its impact on capacity investment decisions

We study the problem of capacity exchange between two firms in anticipation of the mismatch between demand and capacity, and its impact on firm's capacity investment decisions. For given capacity investment levels of the two firms, we demonstrate how capacity price may be determined and how much capacity should be exchanged when either manufacturer acts as a Stackelberg leader in the capacity exchange game. By benchmarking against the centralized system, we show that a side payment may be used to coordinate the capacity exchange decisions. We then study the firms' capacity investment decisions using a biform game framework in which capacity investment decisions are made individually and exchange decisions are made as in a centralized system. We demonstrate the existence and uniqueness of the Nash equilibrium capacity investment levels and study the impact of firms' share of the capacity exchange surplus on their capacity investment levels.© 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007     

基于效能分析的工程建设投资分配模型研究

分析了基数滚动切块和层次分析-目标规划(AnalyticHierarchyProcessandGoalProgramming)投资分配模型的利弊,探讨了工程建设投资效能的估计方法,研究建立了基于效能分析的投资分配优化模型.该模型经实际算例分析证明,模型的思路清晰,便于理解和操作,具有较好的实用性.     

提高公安科技创新经费投入效应的对策分析

当前，公安科技创新经费投入存在着一些问题，从投入机制、投入结构和投入管理方式等方面提高经费投入效应，对于满足社会安全需求，实现公安科技创新体系高效运行具有现实的指导意义。     

Strategic investment to reduce setup times in the economic lot scheduling problem

This article considers the Economic Lot Scheduling Problem where setup times and costs can be reduced by an initial investment that is amortized over time. The objective is to determine a multiple-item single facility cyclic schedule to minimize the long run average holding and setup costs plus the amortized investment. We develop a lower bound on the long run average inventory carrying and setup costs as a function of the setup times, and show that this lower bound is increasing concave on the setup times when the out-of-pocket setup costs are zero or proportional to the setup times. We then develop a model that may be helpful in deciding the magnitude and the distribution of a one-time investment in reducing the setup times when the investment is amortized over time. Numerical results based on randomly generated problems, and on Bomberger's ten item problem indicate that significant overall savings are possible for highly utilized facilities. Most of the savings are due to a significant reduction in the long run average holding cost. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Optimal capacity expansion

We consider the problem of temporal expansion of the capacity of, say, a plant or road given estimates of its desired usage (demand). The basic problem is: given a sequence of predicted demands for N time periods, determine the optimal investment decision in each period to minimize a linear investment cost and a strictly convex cost of capacity. The relationship between capacity and the investment decisions is assumed to be linear, but time varying. Constraints on both the individual decisions and on the sum of the decisions are considered. An algorithm for solving this problem is derived.     

15000m~3钢板贴壁油罐建设静态投资分析

以部队某保障基地油库军用柴油扩容工程采用钢板贴壁工艺新建的1座15 000 m3地下水封油池为例,从技术经济学角度对钢板贴壁油罐作了静态投资分析。该钢板贴壁油罐静态总投资1 756.95万元,其中占总投资比例最高者为地下工程建设,达到53.76%,库容投资1 171.30元/m3。结果表明:钢板贴壁油罐较地下水封石洞油罐整体经济效益明显;投资定额可供编制预算参考。     

新疆固定资产投资环境与趋势分析

截止目前，新疆固定资产投资运行情况比较平稳，与全国相比，投资增速处于中等水平。全社会固定资产投资预计完成1595亿元，增长18％。建成和开工建设了一大批重大基础设施和重点基础产业项目，投资结构进一步改善，农业、水利、交通、能源、生态建设、社会事业等薄弱环节投资力度明显加大，生态环境保护建设取得明显成效。     

土壤源-湖水源热泵系统及工程应用实例

由于土壤源、湖水源热泵的应用受到地理条件、初投资等因素的制约,某些地区更适宜采用土壤源-湖水源的混合式热泵系统。以某工程应用为例,分别从性能系数、初投资及运行费用3个方面分析证明了采用混合式热泵系统的可行性。结果表明,混合式热泵系统的初投资虽然较大,但通过节约运行费用,在较短年限内可收回增加的成本,并且可以减少废水废气的排放。因此,在合适的地区可以推广使用土壤源-湖水源的混合式热泵系统。     

Allocation of quality improvement targets based on investments in learning

Purchased materials often account for more than 50% of a manufacturer's product nonconformance cost. A common strategy for reducing such costs is to allocate periodic quality improvement targets to suppliers of such materials. Improvement target allocations are often accomplished via ad hoc methods such as prescribing a fixed, across‐the‐board percentage improvement for all suppliers, which, however, may not be the most effective or efficient approach for allocating improvement targets. We propose a formal modeling and optimization approach for assessing quality improvement targets for suppliers, based on process variance reduction. In our models, a manufacturer has multiple product performance measures that are linear functions of a common set of design variables (factors), each of which is an output from an independent supplier's process. We assume that a manufacturer's quality improvement is a result of reductions in supplier process variances, obtained through learning and experience, which require appropriate investments by both the manufacturer and suppliers. Three learning investment (cost) models for achieving a given learning rate are used to determine the allocations that minimize expected costs for both the supplier and manufacturer and to assess the sensitivity of investment in learning on the allocation of quality improvement targets. Solutions for determining optimal learning rates, and concomitant quality improvement targets are derived for each learning investment function. We also account for the risk that a supplier may not achieve a targeted learning rate for quality improvements. An extensive computational study is conducted to investigate the differences between optimal variance allocations and a fixed percentage allocation. These differences are examined with respect to (i) variance improvement targets and (ii) total expected cost. For certain types of learning investment models, the results suggest that orders of magnitude differences in variance allocations and expected total costs occur between optimal allocations and those arrived at via the commonly used rule of fixed percentage allocations. However, for learning investments characterized by a quadratic function, there is surprisingly close agreement with an “across‐the‐board” allocation of 20% quality improvement targets. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 48: 684–709, 2001