冷喷涂粒子速度影响因素的数值模拟与分析

冷喷涂过程中,粒子速度直接影响冷喷涂材料改性效果.由于射流流场为超音速气固两相冲击射流,用实验方法研究粒子速度的影响因素很困难,为此通过数值模拟方法再现流场中粒子速度的变化情况.用Fluent软件以冷喷涂技术中超音速气固两相射流流场为研究对象,对于气固两相流的模拟,则采用颗粒轨道模型(欧拉-拉格朗日模型)获得粒子在射流流场的速度变化情况;分析粒径、材料、喷涂距离以及载气等因素对粒子速度的影响.进一步优化冷喷涂工艺方案,得到了粒子特性与粒子到达基板前最大速度之间的优化关系.     

水力旋流器湍流场数值模拟

应用CFD软件FLUENT对水力旋流器进行三维数值模拟，并对网格生成技术、湍流模型、离散方法及边界条件等问题进行了探讨。数值模拟所获得的轴截面上的压力场和速度分布规律与前人的研究结果基本吻合，验证了数值模拟的可行性。为进一步研究水力旋流器的结构优化和分离性能预测提供参考。     

SPH数值模拟中固壁边界的一种处理方法

在光滑粒子流体动力学 (SPH)数值模拟中尝试了一种处理固壁边界的边界力方法 ,给出了一种新的边界力形式。利用SPH方法及边界力方法对水坝坍塌和涌波进入静止水塘这两个自由表面流动问题作了数值模拟。数值模拟结果表明 ,在SPH计算中使用本文所给边界力处理固壁是行之有效的     

不同边界条件下水下爆炸气泡的数值模拟

采用有限元程序MSC.Dytran对不同边界条件下水下爆炸气泡的脉动过程进行了数值模拟。对数值模拟中的一些重要问题,如炸药药包的建模、网格密度、状态方程和静压力场的设定等问题进行了探讨。对无限水域中的水下爆炸气泡以及自由面边界、水平刚性面边界和垂直刚性面边界三种边界条件下的水下爆炸气泡进行了数值模拟,分析了水下爆炸气泡的半径、外形变化、气泡脉动压力、流场中的速度分布,结果发现边界的存在对气泡外形的影响较大,刚性边界面会使气泡脉动压力增大较多,而自由面边界对气泡脉动压力的影响较小。将数值模拟的结果与理论模型、经验公式和试验结果进行了比较分析,结果吻合较好。     

油—水—砂三相水力旋流器流场数值模拟研究

采用计算流体力学软件FLUENT 6.3对水力旋流器内的流体流场、流动结构和颗粒运动过程进行了数值模拟研究,分析了三维速度分布、压力分布、流体流动结构以及颗粒运动轨迹等内部流场特性.模拟结果表明:内旋流压力较低,外旋流压力较高,其中在轴心空气柱区域压力最低,进口部位与管壁的压力几乎处在同一等值线上;对速度场模拟后发现,...     

气—固两相自由射流的粒子仿真方法

采用粒子仿真方法直接跟踪颗粒相运动轨迹,采用NND格式求解NS方程,数值模拟了气-固两相自由射流流场.计算结果表明,将粒子仿真与CFD方法相结合是研究气-固两相流动问题的有效途径.颗粒相参数变化将对气体流场产生一定影响.     

SPH并行计算方案及其在自由表面流动模拟中的应用

针对光滑粒子动力学主要计算量是近邻粒子搜索这一特点,提出了一种基于粒子分解的光滑粒子动力学并行计算方案。利用该方案可以方便地将任意串行光滑粒子动力学代码并行计算,而且每一个时间步内的信息传递量只和粒子总数有关,而和粒子的分布无关,因而特别适合于自由表面流动等大变形问题的并行数值模拟。对一个粒子总数为40万的三维溃坝问题的模拟结果表明:此方案能达到的最大加速比约为16,这一结果可能比空间分解方案(不考虑动态负载均衡)更优。     

新型气-固喷射器结构参数及性能研究

在工业清洗中，气固两相流清洗方式越来越受重视。设计了一种结构简单、加工方便的新型气固喷射器，针对5种不同结构参数的喷射器，采用CFD对其进行数值模拟，利用拉格朗日和欧拉法相结合的数值模拟方法，通过对比模拟结果找出优化方向，并将所设计的模型3(颗粒入口孔位置位于扩张段出口处、扩张段长度8 mm、出口孔径5 mm)作为最终的优化结果。对优化后的模型进行变工况分析，分别改变颗粒直径及进口压力，模拟结果显示，颗粒直径越大引射能力越好，但是颗粒出口速度越小；对于模型3,在进气压力为0.9 MPa时引射能力达到峰值，但颗粒出口速度随进气压力的增大而增大。     

SPH的两种并行计算方案及其在自由表面流动模拟中的应用

针对光滑粒子动力学(SPH)主要计算量是近邻粒子搜索这一特点,提出了一种基于粒子分解的SPH并行计算方案。利用该方案可以方便的将任意串行SPH代码并行计算,而且每一个时间步内的信息传递量只和粒子总数有关,而和粒子的分布无关,因而特别适合于自由表面流动等大变形问题的并行数值模拟。对一个粒子总数为40万的三维溃坝问题的模拟结果表明,此方案能达到的最大加速比约为16,这一结果可能比空间分解方案(不考虑动态负载均衡)更优。     

带壳体云爆弹药液体燃料抛撒的数值模拟

建立了带壳体云爆弹药数值模拟模型,分析了圆柱壳体的断裂准则。壳体材料采用Johnson-Cook热粘性本构方程,断裂准则采用Taylor断裂应力准则,应用Autodyn软件进行了数值模拟,给出了内部爆炸载荷下液体燃料的压力曲线和速度曲线,并进行了分析。     

改进的接触算法及其在光滑粒子流体动力学中的应用

采用以黎曼解描述粒子间相互作用的接触算法,模拟一维情况下包含间断的流场。在弱间断的条件下,采用弱波近似的黎曼解来描述粒子间的相互作用;在强间断的条件下,则引入非迭代黎曼解来描述粒子间的相互作用。并引入Taylor展开思想,提高了接触算法在自由边界的计算精度。该算法无需引入人为粘性,程序结构简洁。数值计算表明,改进后的接触算法能很好地描述强间断,并有效改善了原始接触算法在自由面的计算缺陷。     

压入法中的接触问题

针对表面工程中测量膜基材料性能或结合强度的压入法,分析了其实验过程中所涉及的重要而又困难的接触问题。在引入适当的假设后,文中首次对二维、三维问题等一般情况,分别给出了控制接触的边界条件方程,并进一步使用半解析的数值方法——线法,针对二维情况使用,球形压头和楔形压头分别进行了数值模拟,并将计算结果和不考虑接触情况下的结果进行了比较结果表明:剪应力差别巨大,这说明接触问题的考虑对于正确地处理实际问题是非常必要的。     

An efficient primal approach to bottleneck transportation problems

This article addresses bottleneck linear programming problems and in particular capacitated and constrained bottleneck transportation problems. A pseudopricing procedure based on the poly-ω procedure is used to facilitate the primal simplex procedure. This process allows the recent computational developments such as the Extended Threaded Index Method to be applied to bottleneck transportation problems. The impact on problem solution times is illustrated by computational testing and comparison with other current methods.     

基于双特征参数解的直杆弹性动力后屈曲研究

利用差分方法求解动力后屈曲非线性方程解,研究了弹性直杆的2类轴向碰撞屈曲问题.将双特征参数解得出的含有小幅值参数的初始动力屈曲模态作为非线性后屈曲解的初始条件.理论计算的结果与文献中的实验数据达到了很好的一致,由此验证了双特征参数方法的正确性.研究结果还揭示了碰撞过程中屈曲变形扩展和发展的机理,以及轴向应力波和屈曲变形的相互作用规律.     

条（环）状干摩擦阻尼器的微滑移数值模型

提出一种求解弹性条(环)状阻尼器微滑移接触运动的数值方法。将阻尼器和外部激励历程在空间和时间上离散,将相同数量的干摩擦触点布置于离散阻尼器上;把接触运动判据应用到各离散接触点,确定其运动状态并修正刚度矩阵,求解整个阻尼器的平衡方程。该方法避免了有限元软件求解含摩擦接触问题的迭代过程,从而保证了求解的可执行性。同时,克服了微滑移模型理论解法对法向载荷分布规律及载荷时变性的限制,为求解具有局部性以及时变性的法向载荷的结构动态响应提供了更为精确的边界条件,从而可提高结构频响分析的准确性。应用多谐波平衡法分别计算宏滑移和微滑移阻尼器约束下的结构动态响应,发现在结构减振中,微滑移模型能够适应更宽范围的法向力。     

齿轮啮合温升模型建立及仿真研究

借助动力学仿真软件ADAMS,建立了齿轮啮合传动仿真模型。提出了一种计算高速齿轮传动轮齿瞬现温升的方法,基于齿轮啮合原理和M atlab计算软件平台,建立了轮齿瞬现温升计算模型。实现了完整齿面各啮合点切向速度、摩擦系数、接触带半宽和法向载荷等参数的计算。运用B lock接触温度准则,得出齿轮各啮合点瞬现温升及接触温度变化的仿真分析结果,为齿轮传动结构的合理优化设计提供科学依据。     

Formation and impact-induced separation of tandem EFPs

The formation and separation behaviors of tandem EFPs are studied by the combination of experiments and simulations. The results show that different formation and separation processes can be obtained by adjusting the double-layer liners, and simulations agree with experiments well. Then, the interaction process between the two liners is discussed in details, and the formation and separation mechanism are revealed. It can be found that there are four phases in the formation and separation processes, including impact phase, propulsion phase, slide phase and free flight phase. During the impact phase, the velocities of two liners rise in turns with kinetic energy exchange. In the propulsion phase, the axial impact becomes insignificant, but the radial interaction between two liners influences the appearance of tandem EFPs. Meanwhile, it should be mentioned that the inner surface of foregoing EFP remains to be in contact with the outer surface of following EFP in the propulsion phase, and the following one would continue to push the foregoing one for about 10μ to 20 μs, causing the velocities of following and foregoing EFPs gradually decreasing and increasing respectively. In the slide phase, an obvious relative movement occurs between the two EFPs, and there would be barely kinetic energy exchange. Then, the two EFPs separate gradually and get into the phase of free flight. Generally, if the outer and inner liners have the same thickness, the outer copper-inner copper liners form two long EFPs, the outer copper-inner steel liners become a foregoing short steel EFP and a following long copper EFP, and the outer steel-inner copper liners produce a foregoing long copper EFP and a following conical steel EFP. In addition, thickness match also has an important impact on formation appearance and separation process for both outer copper-inner copper liners and outer steel-inner copper liners. With the thickness ratio of outer liner to inner liner decreasing, the length and length-diameter ratio of both foregoing and following EFPs increase gradually.     

Simultaneous determination of production and maintenance schedules using in‐line equipment condition and yield information

In many manufacturing environments, equipment condition has a significant impact on product quality, or yield. This paper presents a semi‐Markov decision process model of a single‐stage production system with multiple products and multiple maintenance actions. The model simultaneously determines maintenance and production schedules, accounting for the fact that equipment condition affects the yield of each product differently. It extends earlier work by allowing the expected time between decision epochs to vary by both action and machine state, by allowing multiple maintenance actions, and by treating the outcome of maintenance as less than certain. Sufficient conditions are developed that ensure the monotonicity of both the optimal production and maintenance actions. While the maintenance conditions closely resemble previously studied conditions for this type of problem, the production conditions represent a significant departure from earlier results. The simultaneous solution method is compared to an approach commonly used in industry, where the maintenance and production problems are treated independently. Solving more than one thousand test problems confirms that the combination of both features of the model—accounting for product differences and solving the problems simultaneously—has a significant impact on performance. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008     

鱼雷衡重特性对初始弹道的影响分析

建立了鱼雷水下空间弹道数学模型,并针对鱼雷不同的衡重特性,采用四阶龙格库塔法和全选主元高斯消去法进行了仿真计算,分别研究了不同自由角、管制舵角和初始速度时初始弹道的变化规律.仿真结果表明,在质量相对较小、质浮心距离较大时,鱼雷初始弹道更易出现拱水现象,因而不适于在浅深度发射;在质量相对较大、质浮心距离很小时,鱼雷初始弹道出现较大袋深,发射时要求大深度海区.这些现象只能在一定程度上通过调整管制舵角、自由角和发射初始速度来克服.     

Application of ultrasonic waves in measurement of hardness of welded carbon steels

The ultrasonic contact impedance technique and ultrasonic wave velocities have been widely used for non-destructive hardness measurement.Ultrasonic wave velocity shift provides through the thickness average hardness, however, the correlations are performed according to surface hardness. In order to accept this technique as a particular non-destructive method for determination of hardness, it is necessary to test it with industrial applications. A widely used joining(welding) technique is selected for this purpose. Samples of carbon steels with three different carbon contents, but similar composition, are annealed in order to obtain the softened samples with different hardness values. Rockwell B scale hardness of heat treated samples, which are assumed to be isotropic, are determined and correlated with ultrasonic wave velocity shifts. Effect of welding process on hardness is investigated using ultrasonic wave velocity shifts, and the results are verified with destructive hardness measurements.