Currency Warfare and Just War: The Ethics of Targeting Currencies in War

ABSTRACT

Is Currency Warfare defined as, the use of monetary or military force directed against an enemy’s monetary power as part of a military campaign, a just way to fight a war? This article explores the ethics of waging currency warfare against the Just War Tradition’s principles of jus in bello (just conduct in war) and its criteria of discrimination and proportionality. The central argument is that currency warfare is inherently indiscriminate but may be proportionate when policy makers consider the nature of the threat confronted and the targeted currency's level of internationalization, that is, to what degree it is used in foreign transactions or used as a foreign currency reserve. I evaluate this argument against historical cases during the Second World War (1939–1945), the Gulf War (1990–1991), subsequent operations against Saddam Hussein in the early 1990s, and the ongoing campaign against ISIS.     

网络舆论战的理论探析

网络舆论战是一种新型作战样式。加强网络舆论战研究,既是信息化战争的时代要求,又是实现强军目标的客观需要,对于丰富具有我军特色的现代舆论战理论体系,推动我军政治工作的创新发展,具有十分重要意义。文章通过论述网络舆论战的地位作用和主要特点,对开展网络舆论战的基本战法进行了探讨。     

ISIS’s Warfare Functions: A Systematized Review of a Proto-state’s Conventional Conduct of Combat Operations

This article gives an overall assessment of ISIS’s conventional conduct of combat operations by examining their warfighting functions patterns. In sum, the approach of ISIS comprised fundamental principles: their weapons can be organized into categories, purposeful combination of these forces in keeping with the concept of combined arms combat, and hierarchical command and control executed by experienced commanders. ISIS combat groups combined the elements of formation and firepower as well as movement and mobility. The paper concludes that ISIS obviously had a vast range of conventional capabilities at its disposal and was thus able to conduct major operations.     

关于战略级推演模拟型作战实验的思考

摘要：在划分作战实验类别的基础上,界定了战略级推演模拟型作战实验的基本概念;从国家战略目标确立、国际局势把握、联合作战指挥人才培养的角度,阐述了战略级推演模拟型作战实验的作用及意义;从以军事战略方针为指导、与军队建设和军事作战协调发展、以作战实验机构为依托、以作战实验技术手段为支撑的角度,分析了战略级推演模拟型作战实验的基本要求;从功能结构、逻辑概念结构、运行模式的角度,进行了战略级推演模拟型作战实验室的初步设计。研究结果可为推动作战实验的创新发展提供理论参考。     

认知电子战综述

认知电子战通常被定义为以具备认知性能的电子战装备为基础,注重自主交互式的电磁环境学习能力与动态智能化的对抗任务处理能力的电子战形态。自其被首次提出以来,以其感知准、推理强、决策快的优势备受国内外研究学者广泛关注。随着人工智能新理念、新技术、新应用的不断涌现,认知电子战步入崭新的发展阶段。为捕捉其未来发展方向,从人工智能角度出发,总结并丰富了认知电子战概念内涵,梳理认知电子战的发展脉络及外国典型项目,搭建认知电子战系统框架及架构,从感知、判断、决策等方面对认知听电子战关键技术进行了全面系统综述,并总结了认知电子战面临的挑战和发展趋势。     

网络战对作战的影响及对策

网络战作为一种新的作战形式引入作战领域,越来越受到各国重视,并已成为世界各国争相研究和重点建设的作战样式。文章从网络战的特点入手,针对网络战对作战影响进行了探讨,并从构建网络体系、研发武器装备、重视人才培养和加强训练演练四个方面阐述了强化军队网络战的对策措施。     

网络舆论斗争系统模型与应对策略

装备技术已成为制约网络舆论斗争作战效能的关键性问题。论文突破传统的网络舆论斗争研究定式,根据网络舆论斗争的作战流程,建立了网络舆论斗争系统结构模型,分析了装备技术组成,给出了应对策略。论文的研究成果,对于发展网络舆论斗争装备技术,占领网络舆论制高点,具有重要理论意义和参考价值。     

Surrogate warfare: the art of war in the 21st century?

Airpower, drones and cyber-weapons are employed by states in conjunction with local armed non-state actors in an effort to coercively intervene in the crises of the twenty-first century. While the externalization of the burden of warfare is a return to pre-modern war, it is the change in the underlying socio-political relations between the state and its military agent that is a novel phenomenon in surrogate warfare. This article demonstrates that in a post-Westphalian era characterized by non-state violence, globalized conflicts, a prioritization of risk management in a mediatized environment, the state has to explore new ways to remain relevant as the primary communal security provider. Thereby, the organization of violence has departed from the employment of the state’s soldier as the primary bearer of the burden of warfare to a mode of war where technological and human surrogates enable the state to manage the risks of post-modern conflict remotely. In this article, we conceptually explore surrogate warfare as a socio-political phenomenon within the context of globalized, privatized, securitized and mediatized war.     

Non-lethal weapons and the long tail of warfare

This paper examines whether non-lethal weapons (NLWs) enhance the capability of the US armed forces to conduct irregular warfare (IW) operations. With expectations that the operational environment will only continue to become more complex in the future, NLWs may reduce the level of violence received, as well as dispensed, by US forces while performing tasks in the IW spectrum. We argue that NLWs increase the ability of US forces to address the long tail of warfare and their deployment should be increased in the near term.     

透视德军心理战部队

历经第二次世界大战和冷战时期后,德军心理战部队朝量小、质精的目标发展。冷战结束东、西德统一后,德军配合北约组织执行索马里、波斯尼亚及阿富汗等国维和任务,心理战部队一方面以实务经验精进其作业能力,另一方面在多国维和任务中汲取他国长处,以传播科技增进其执行效能。     

电子战系统及其发展

叙述了电子战系统的最新定义以及电子战系统在现代战争中的地位和作用,介绍了国外电子战系统的主要装备和电子战系统的发展趋势。     

“算法战”及其在空战领域中的应用

随着战争从体能较量、技能较量发展为智能较量,"算法战"与人工智能和指挥控制系统相关联并在其中占据关键地位,是实现智能化作战和建设智能军队的技术基础。通过梳理与总结美军在落实"算法战"研究方面所进行的开创性工作,理清"算法战"发展的脉络,重点对"算法战"产生背景、基本概念与内涵以及发展现状进行了探讨,结合课题组在航空集群作战领域的研究基础,探讨"算法战"在空战领域的落脚应用的可鉴之策,为我空军装备的信息化升级和智能化转型奠定基础。     

Postmodern warfare and the blurred boundaries between war and peace

Each age has its own wars and its own forms of warfare. In today’s evolving world risk society warfare has entered a new development stage. The states of the “global North” adapt their forms of intervention. They increasingly practice postmodern warfare characterized especially by the role of influencing the information space, networked approaches, the incorporation of indirect and covert actions, and the special quality of new technologies. This practice furthers an increasing grey zone between limiting and de-bounding of warfare. The phenomenon of postmodern warfare raises some tough questions and offers a rich research agenda.     

信息化作战轮式车辆装备保障力量的思考

随着信息技术及高技术武器装备的发展,信息化作战对轮式车辆装备的要求越来越高,轮式车辆装备保障的重要性也日渐突出,轮式车辆装备保障力量研究的必要性也不断加强。在深入分析信息化作战轮式车辆装备保障力量概念和主要特征的基础上,对信息化作战轮式车辆装备保障力量的生成模式和编组方式进行了思考。     

论指挥控制战与电子战

概述了指挥控制战的概念与产生的背景,讨论了电子战与指挥控制战的关系。     

航空兵编队空战决策模型研究

针对航空兵编队空战决策问题,从单机和编队两个层次上建立了编队威胁评估模型;并在此基础上建立了编队目标分配、攻击排序及火力分配模型;以5对8编队空战为例进行了仿真计算,计算结果表明,该模型能较好的解决多机种编队空战的战术决策问题。     

心理战领域研究的科学知识图谱

为把握心理战领域的研究现状,本文基于文献计量与科学知识图谱技术,对CNKI与WoS收录的心理战领域研究文献进行计量分析,并绘制文献的时间分布图谱、关键词共现图谱以及关键词突变图谱。在此基础上,对国内外心理战领域研究的科研合作、研究热点及研究前沿进行了探索与对比,并提出应制定完善的心理战条令,建立专门的心理战职能部门,加强心理战人才培养及提高部队官兵的心理素质等几项措施、建议,期望为国内心理战领域的进一步研究提供借鉴与参考。     

和平时期网络舆论战的特点及对策刍议

作为一种软杀伤性的政治攻心战,网络舆论战已成为信息化条件下体系作战的一种重要作战样式。和平时期网络舆论战具有其鲜明的特点,即舆论传播的隐秘性和受众的广泛性,信息传递的迅速性和受众的自组织性,信息的海量性和受众注意的易转移性。对此,应积极利用互联网争夺意识形态领域的主导权,积极参与网上讨论并注意引导网络舆论风向,加强网络舆论战技术装备和人才队伍建设,为打赢信息化条件下的网络舆论战打下良好基础。     

太空战及其对未来作战的影响

详细地叙述了太空战以及太空战对未来战争的影响。谁占据了太空,谁就能控制全球。太空战的出现将对未来的军事作战理论、武器装备的发展及技术走向产生深远的影响。     

Carlo Bianco and Guerra per bande: an Italian approach to irregular warfare

Since the end of the Cold War, a huge debate over how war has been changing has emerged; a common feature is that modern conflicts are not state vs. state wars, but ‘irregular wars’. In order to better understand modern irregular warfare, it is important to analyse past authors and ideas. Carlo Bianco’s concept of Guerra per bande highlights elements of mobility with different cooperating units, of terror, and of complex terrain. The present study offers the first English analysis of Carlo Bianco and underlines the similarities of his work to the hybrid warfare concept.