隐身飞机的战术技术特点分析与防御对策

以F-117A和B-2两种现装备的隐身飞机为例,介绍了以减少雷达反射面积为主要手段的隐身技术。结合实际战例,分析了隐身飞机的战术技术与作战使用特点。对无源雷达、双基/多基雷达、米波雷达以及利用广播电视信号的"沉默哨兵"雷达等探测隐身飞机的雷达技术进行了综述。总结了对抗隐身技术的途径与方法,提出了雷达、光电相结合探测,导弹与高炮配合打击的对抗隐身飞机的对策。     

印度首艘国产航母及其战略影响

从2013年8月12日印度首艘国产航母"维克兰特"号正式下水出发,首先详细分析了其国产航母发展计划的政治、经济、安全背景以及发展军事工业、建立强大海军、旧航母退役与外购航母推迟服役的直接动因。然后,比较分析了该航母各主要系统的性能特点及其局限,包括基本参数、起飞方式、舰载机、预警系统、全球首创的携核弹道导弹等。最后,对该航母未来服役对印度自身、美国、中国的战略影响进行了预测评估。     

面对称旋转导弹刚体弹道模型

为了计算面对称旋转导弹的刚体弹道,根据面对称旋转导弹的特点,建立了其刚体弹道模型,定义了模型中的坐标系并给出了各个坐标系之间的转换关系,在此基础上得出了角度的计算公式,分析了风对旋转导弹运动的影响,在弹体坐标系下计算了气动力和气动力矩,解决了面对称旋转导弹弹道精确计算问题。     

海上游击战的信息作战机理分析*

科学地研究游击战的获胜机理是军事学领域尚未解决的核心问题之一。运用信息作战原理,在海上游击战环境中,通过潜艇与航母战斗群反潜直升机的对抗来分析海上游击战的信息作战原理,研究表明:航母受到攻击的威胁通常为潜艇的1.5到5倍,只要发挥潜艇的信息与火力的联合作战优势来削弱航空母舰战斗群的反潜信息与火力的联合作战优势,仅单艘潜艇就可对航空母舰造成重创。信息作战原理不仅揭示了游击战环境中各种小概率事件及随机因素的影响机理,而且也可用作为对游击战指挥控制原理进行研究的理论基础及方法。     

A pixel-level local contrast measure for infrared small target detection

Infrared (IR) small target detection is one of the key technologies of infrared search and track (IRST) systems. Existing methods have some limitations in detection performance, especially when the target size is irregular or the background is complex. In this paper, we propose a pixel-level local contrast measure (PLLCM), which can subdivide small targets and backgrounds at pixel level simultaneously. With pixel-level segmentation, the difference between the target and the background becomes more obvious, which helps to improve the detection performance. First, we design a multiscale sliding window to quickly extract candidate target pixels. Then, a local window based on random walker (RW) is designed for pixel-level target segmentation. After that, PLLCM incorporating probability weights and scale constraints is proposed to accurately measure local contrast and suppress various types of background interference. Finally, an adaptive threshold operation is applied to separate the target from the PLLCM enhanced map. Experimental results show that the proposed method has a higher detection rate and a lower false alarm rate than the baseline algorithms, while achieving a high speed.     

BALLISTIC TRAJECTORY

North Korea has been one of the world's most active suppliers of ballistic missile systems since the mid-1980s, but the nature of its missile export business has changed significantly during this period. Unclassified, publicly available data show that the great majority of known deliveries of complete missile systems from North Korea occurred before 1994. The subsequent fall-off took place a decade too early to be explained by the Proliferation Security Initiative of 2003. It can be explained by a combination of factors that have reduced demand. First, after selling production equipment for ballistic missiles to many states, especially in the Middle East, North Korea by the late 1990s had become primarily a supplier of missile parts and materials, not complete systems. Second, after Operation Desert Storm, some missile-buying states shifted their attention away from ballistic missiles in favor of manned aircraft, cruise missiles, and missile defense systems supplied by Western powers. Third, some states experienced pressure from the United States to curtail their dealings with North Korea. During the last decade, having shed most of its previous customer base, North Korea has entered a phase of collaborative missile development with a smaller number of state partners, particularly Iran and Syria. Its known sales of complete missile systems are relatively small and infrequent. North Korea's time as missile supplier to the Middle East at large has ended, but there is a risk that regional states will turn to North Korea as a supplier of nuclear technology in the future.     

Vulnerability assessment to projectiles: Approach definition and application to helicopter platforms

Survivability is defined as the capability of a platform to avoid or withstand a man-made hostile environment. Military aircraft in particular, but also other kinds of platforms subjected to external, impacting threats, are commonly designed according to increasing survivability requirements. The concept of survivability was first formalized by R. Ball in 1985 in its seminal work on combat aircraft survivability. On the basis of the theory presented in his work, many computer programs have been developed which implement the modelling techniques and computations required by vulnerability assessments. However, a clear and general view of the operative computational procedures is still lacking. Moreover, to date only a limited number of applications to helicopter platforms have been investigated in the survivability field, even though these platforms experience numerous flight conditions exposing the system to different types of threats. In this context, this work aims at establishing a multi-purpose general framework for the vulnerability assessment of different types of platforms subjected to external threats, with a focus on helicopters. The in-house software specifically developed for this application is here described in detail and employed to present a case study on a representative military helicopter.     

【专题】智能化导弹质量检测方法研究

导弹是由各种类型装备组成的综合性很强的复杂系统,智能技术的引入进一步丰富了智能导弹质量特性的内涵,对质量检测和控制提出了更高要求,需要开发与之相适应的检测方法。本文先给出了智能导弹的定义和内涵,分析了其智能特性,接着概述了智能化导弹的结构组成,分析了各智能部件的功能和结构组成,从智能化导弹结构组成及测试参数、智能化部件的嵌入式软件作用、零部件机械加工精度等方面提出了智能化导弹质量检测的需求,并在此基础上结合智能化制造等技术提出了在线检测、自动检测/测试、BIT自检、软件测评技术以及弹载遥测的智能化导弹质量检测途径和方法。     

复杂背景条件下的红外图像末制导技术

通过结合目标红外特征,研究了空-空弹在复杂背景条件下的目标红外成像末制导的技术原理和实施途径。对复杂地背景的辐射特征和主要空中攻击目标军用喷气战机的目标红外辐射源类型作了分析,研究了红外目标特征的提取方法和算法。     

WSEIAC模型的中远程空空导弹武器系统效能分析

依据中远程空空导弹武器平台系统的战术指标,建立了中远程空空导弹武器平台系统的效能评价体系.对ADC扩展模型中的人为因素K进行了修正,在能力矩阵C中增加对载机生存能力和信息支持能力的体现.在此基础上给出了修正扩展模型下的系统效能,计算了在原始ADC模型下的系统效能,并对两种模型下的效能差异进行了比较.     

A comparative study of demand forecasting techniques for military helicopter spare parts

This paper deals with techniques applicable to predicting spare parts demand for military helicopters. The military helicopter is a distinct weapons system, whose unique configuration may preclude the direct application of forecasting techniques which have proved successful for other weapon systems. Furthermore, although the military helicopter has become extremely important tactically in modern warfare, it has received scant attention in terms of research concerning its supply support. Specifically, this paper summarizes research done to measure and compare the forecasting accuracy of six mathematical models, as they were applied to three prominent military helicopters. In addition, the paper describes attempts that were made to define, where possible, the conditions under which a specific forecasting technique might be applicable. In general, it is shown that the most accurate set of helicopter spare parts demand forecasts are produced by a second order polynomial exponential smoothing model. This model is observed to have most accurately described the highly volatile, and upward-trended demand time series which were the subject of the study.     

先进的低特征信号推进剂研制

为了进一步提高导弹的突防能力和生存能力 ,扼要概括了国外战术导弹用低特征信号推进剂的现状 ;重点介绍了航天系统研制的几种不同能量梯次的低特征信号推进剂     

美国天基预警雷达系统发展

由于自身卫星平台的特殊性,天基预警雷达系统具有全天候、全天时、不受地域和领空限制、全球覆盖、主动探测、测量精度高、虚警率低等特点,可对弹道导弹、空间飞行器、空中或地面目标等多类目标实施预警,还可以实现大范围、多频次的对海监视,是国家级战略预警体系的重要组成部分。文章首先对美国天基预警系统的星座设计发展进行了简要介绍,然后详细阐述了美国空军L波段天基预警雷达和X波段天基预警雷达(SBR)的研究计划,分析了SBR项目取消的原因和天基预警雷达的关键技术,对我国天基预警雷达的研制具有借鉴意义。     

一种基于Wiener滤波的红外背景抑制方法

红外图像序列中小目标的检测问题是当前的研究热点。为了检测起伏背景中的弱小目标,在理论分析的基础上提出了用Wiener滤波器去除起伏背景,然后进行自适应目标检测的小目标检测方法。采用连续采集的长波红外图像序列进行了实验研究,并给出了目标检测结果及其分析。结果表明,该算法能够从信噪比大于2.0的图像序列中检测出目标轨迹。     

Aircraft routing under the risk of detection

The deterministic problem for finding an aircraft's optimal risk trajectory in a threat environment has been formulated. The threat is associated with the risk of aircraft detection by radars or similar sensors. The model considers an aircraft's trajectory in three‐dimensional (3‐D) space and represents the aircraft by a symmetrical ellipsoid with the axis of symmetry directing the trajectory. Analytical and discrete optimization approaches for routing an aircraft with variable radar cross‐section (RCS) subject to a constraint on the trajectory length have been developed. Through techniques of Calculus of Variations, the analytical approach reduces the original risk optimization problem to a vectorial nonlinear differential equation. In the case of a single detecting installation, a solution to this equation is expressed by a quadrature. A network optimization approach reduces the original problem to the Constrained Shortest Path Problem (CSPP) for a 3‐D network. The CSPP has been solved for various ellipsoid shapes and different length constraints in cases with several radars. The impact of ellipsoid shape on the geometry of an optimal trajectory as well as the impact of variable RCS on the performance of a network optimization algorithm have been analyzed and illustrated by several numerical examples. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006     

基于电容式噪声传感器的信号调理电路设计

在航空航天的飞行器遥测试验中,大推力火箭和导弹飞行时,由燃气射流引起的噪声会对飞行器的结构以及载荷造成巨大的危害。电容式噪声传感器由于其频率响应范围宽,被广泛应用于飞行试验中。电容式传感器工作时需要用恒压源供电,且其采集的信号受到外界干扰较大,输出电压值不满足大多数模数芯片转换要求。针对以上问题,设计了恒压源供电模块和隔直分压电路、低通滤波电路等调理模块,使其最终输出电压范围在0~2.5 V,满足模数转换芯片的要求。该噪声传感器的信号调理电路可靠性高,已经成功应用于飞行器发射试验中。     

South Asia's Missile Expansion

ABSTRACT

Over the past decade, contrary to declarations that they are pursuing “minimum” deterrence, India and Pakistan have considerably expanded their missile forces. India has developed eleven types of missiles while Pakistan has fielded nine. These missile forces have a mixed impact on deterrence stability. Both states' medium-range missiles strengthen their countervalue deterrent capabilities against the other, though India's China-specific missiles still have limitations. India's and Pakistan's short-range missiles and first-generation naval systems raise concerns about nuclear ambiguity, command and control, and escalation across the nuclear threshold, ultimately undermining deterrence stability on the subcontinent.     

舰载无人机干扰反舰导弹最优空间配置

针对舰载有源干扰在反导防御中存在的不足,以舰载无人机干扰敌反舰导弹的基本态势分析为基础,建立了舰载无人机最小有效干扰距离计算模型。针对反舰导弹跟踪辐射源的情况,以反舰导弹进入烧穿距离后不能再次捕捉目标为前提,建立干扰具备"跟杂"能力反舰导弹的舰载无人机阵位配置模型,为水面舰艇编队对空防御增加了新手段。     

舰用IRST系统的发展及应用前景

在现代舰船防御体系中,舰用红外搜索和跟踪(IRST)系统是探测跟踪掠海反舰导弹的有效工具,近年来有了很快发展。介绍了舰用IRST系统在舰船防御体系中的地位和作用、基本组成及战术使命,重点分析了主要技术特点,最后介绍了欧美等国舰用IRST研制状况和发展计划。     

红外搜索跟踪系统的目标截获判据

红外搜索跟踪（ＩＲＳＴ）系统在探测时对潜在目标的判别是系统工作的一个重要环节。通过建立目标的截获判据,提出了判决树多级识别方法和模糊综合评判方法,并为两种方法的融合使用提供了基础,为系统判别一般红外目标以及远距离小目标提供了依据和实现手段。