对实行职业军官收入分配制度的思考

实行职业军官制度,必须逐步改革现行的军官工资分配制度,将职业军官的收入水平而非基本工资依法确定为高出同级地方公务最20%。但考虑到我国目前的国力不可能一步到位,因此应分阶段实施。第一步,解决军地人员收入水平“倒挂”问题;第二步,使军人收入超过同级地方公务员10%;第三步,实现政策目标,达到超过20%的幅度。此外,在财力允许的情况下,对退役军官可按照“收入资本化”计算一次性退役生活费。     

军人收入水平定位研究

随着社会主义市场经济体制的建立与完善,不同阶层居民的收入发生了极大的变化,因而产生了军人收入水平重新定位的问题。对军人收入水平重新定位,就是要重新确定军人占国民收入的份额。军人收入水平应与全国进入小康水平的居民相当,即师职以下军官的年收入应确定为18000—50000元;师职以上的高级军官的年收入应为50000—120000元。     

我国收入分配差距的表现与解决路径

中国共产党历来十分重视民生建设,致力于提供民众收入,缩小收入差距。近年来,我国居民收入水平不断提升,人民群众幸福感、安全感、获得感不断提高。但是收入分配差距问题仍然制约着我国经济社会的健康发展,我国收入分配差距主要表现在城乡收入差距、行业收入差距与群体收入差距。缩小我国收入分配差距,要坚持和发展以马克思劳动价值论为基础的收入分配理论,增加低收入者收入,扩大中等收入群体,规范收入分配秩序,规范财富积累机制。     

美军军官收入政策的特点及其启示

文章分析了美军军官收入的特点,得出对我军军人工资政策的启示:正确认识当前军人收入水平,加强对我军军人工资待遇体系的研究,推动工资增长法制化进程,做好军营内外涉军服务工作。     

海天背景下舰船可见光图像目标区域定位方法

针对行均值法用于海天背景下舰船目标区域定位可靠性不高、容易受到舰船目标大小和海天背景复杂程度影响的不足,提出一种基于图像行灰度熵的舰船目标区域定位方法。该方法在分析海天背景下舰船目标可见光图像成像特点基础上,结合信息熵理论给出了图像灰度熵及行灰度熵的概念,利用图像行灰度熵描述图像在行方向上的灰度变化程度,选用滑动区间方差搜索策略得到图像行灰度熵曲线的突变区间,从而实现舰船目标区域定位,最后通过实际图像进行了实验验证。实验结果表明,该方法能对舰船目标所在区域有效定位,其准确性及鲁棒性均优于行均值法。     

关于扩大中等收入者比重的几个问题

中等收入者与中产阶级是两个不同的概念 ,这可以通过两者的内涵和外延、外部特征及其形成的社会背景、阶级分析方法和阶层分析方法的比较等几个方面加以区别 ;应该把收入水平作为中等收入者的唯一划分标准 ;扩大中等收入者比重的关键在于提高低收入者收入水平 ,调低高收入者收入 ;扩大中等收入者比重这个新观点丰富和发展了邓小平同志的“先富、后富”理论 ,体现了社会主义的优越性 ,是共同富裕的最新表现 ,改善了我国的社会阶层结构。     

军地收入的反差与军地收入关系的协调

军事劳动决定了军人应该获得高于从事一般劳动的就业者的工资收入。我国经济体制转换过程中,军队改革的滞后,导致军地收入分配关系的紊乱,出现了军地收入反差。改变军地收入的比较参数,比照小康阶层的收入,使军人收入达到中等偏上水平,是协调军地收入关系,稳定军队并吸收优秀人才从事国防事业的有效途径。     

以国家收入分配原则为指导积极完善我军工资福利制度

改革开放以来,我国分配领域发生了重大变化,我军工资福利制度已不适应时代要求。现阶段军人工资福利制度存在着法律基础薄弱、增资机制不健全、收入水平偏低和工资结构不合理等方面的问题。完善我军工资福利制度应以国家收入分配原则为指导,从健全工资福利法律法规体系、合理定位军人工资水平、建立基本工资增资机制以及完善津贴补贴项目等方面着手。     

用“大收入观”透视军地收入反差

随着我国经济的快速发展,军地人员收入都在增长,我军干部的生活水平也在逐步提高。我们通过对华北部分经济发展一般地区的调查后发现:一方面军队干部名义工资高于地方,另一方面军队干部的总体收入却低于地方。引入"大收入观",用它去透视地方人员的实际收入,就能较准确地看出军地人员收入的反差,从而为改革我军干部的工资制度提供合理的参照。一、"大收入观"的含义和作用"大收入观"是相对于狭隘的工资收入观而言的,是多渠道、多方位来考察收入总量的一种观念。它打破了以往仅以工资收入作为评价收入水平高低的传统观念,体现了对收入考察全方位、全过程、多视角、多类型的特征。也就说,无论是哪个职位,哪些环节,以哪种方式取得的财富,都应算作收入;无论是在职期间的所得,还是离开工作岗位后的所得,也都要作为收入的一部分;无论是现     

税收与收入公平分配的正相关性探析

税收是国家调节收入公平分配的重要手段。税收的公平调节功能决定了其与收入公平分配的正相关关系。在税收实践中,要不断强化税收与收入公平分配的正相关关系,以更好地发挥税收的市场公平功能、社会公平功能和伦理公平功能,从而实现收入公平分配。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.