某型无人机着陆过程中地面滑行段的建模与仿真

无人机在着陆过程中地面滑跑阶段的运动特性与空中飞行时不同,建立无人机在这一阶段的数学模型,对进一步深入研究实现无人机安全着陆具有重要意义。本文以某型无人机为背景,对无人机进行详细的受力分析,研究并建立了地面滑行阶段的非线性数学模型。并在Matlab/Simulink平台上对其进行仿真,通过仿真结果与实际飞行状态数据的对比,表明模型可用。     

融合地面多传感器信息引导无人机着陆

针对无人机自主着陆过程中卫星导航系统易被干扰的问题,提出了一种基于地基多传感器融合的无人机自主着陆引导方法。采用主动式激光照射的方式,获取机载反射棱镜的近红外成像,在红外图像中对无人机目标进行识别;通过坐标转换将识别结果映射到可见光图像中,在可见光图像中选择的感兴趣区域进行可见光目标识别,从而在降低计算量的基础上获得更加精确的无人机相对角度信息;利用距离测量信息和引导系统角度信息可以获得精确的无人机相对位置。无人机着陆引导试验结果表明,该方法能够提供精确的无人机位置信息,能有效适应于复杂背景下的无人机自主着陆引导。     

基于地基多传感器融合的无人机自主着陆引导方法

针对无人机自主着陆过程中卫星导航系统易被干扰的问题，提出了一种基于地基多传感器融合的无人机自主着陆引导方法。首先采用主动式激光照射的方式，获取机载反射棱镜的近红外成像，在红外图像中对无人机目标进行识别；然后通过坐标转换将识别结果映射到可见光图像中，在可见光图像中选择的感兴趣区域进行可见光目标识别，从而在降低计算量的基础上获得更加精确的无人机相对角度信息；最后利用距离测量信息和引导系统角度信息可以获得精确的无人机相对位置。无人机着陆引导试验结果表明，该方法能够提供精确的无人机位置信息，能有效适应于复杂背景下的无人机自主着陆引导。     

无人机混合PID/H∞鲁棒着陆控制器

无人机在进场着陆过程中模型参数发生摄动,存在低空大气扰动和外界不确定性干扰等因素.基于无人机自动着陆性能要求,内环利用线性矩阵不等式凸优化方法,将鲁棒H∞控制转化为标准H∞控制处理,外环采用PID控制航迹,实现系统着陆轨迹的精确控制,有效抑制风干扰及外界不确定性干扰.所设计的控制律在顺风着陆和逆风着陆下分别进行仿真验证...     

基于直接力控制的无人机抗侧风着陆研究

摘 要：分析了无人机采用大展弦比、短机身、小垂尾的气动布局对着陆和操纵性的影响。建立了侧风存在时的无人机横向着陆模型;依据主动控制思想,提出了前垂直鸭翼和方向舵组合的直接力控制无人机抗侧风着陆的方案,并通过仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于视景模拟的无人机导弹发射仿真

无人机单侧导弹发射后,无人机重量特性、重心位置、气动特性发生变化并同时产生附加的干扰力矩,无人机需要在控制系统作用下尽快恢复稳态飞行。通过在Matlab/Simulink中建立无人机六自由度非线性力学模型、控制系统模型、发动机模型、重力模型、标准大气模型、flight gear软件接口等,模拟仿真无人机单侧导弹发射过程,同时将仿真结果进行可视化视景输出,确保无人机系统平台在导弹发射过程中无人机能够很快恢复稳定姿态并按照预定轨迹飞行。视景模拟仿真结果表明：该无人机平台能够顺利完成导弹的安全发射。     

进场雷达引导数据的数据拟合研究

针对进场雷达在引导无人机自动着陆过程中存在引导数据跳点问题,以及无人机在着陆过程中对引导数据实时性要求,根据进场雷达测量数据连续变化的特点,采用一种新的加权最小二乘数据拟合方法对跳点进行处理,即在数据拟合的基础上估算下一时刻的数据值,并根据下一时刻的测量值和估算值相对预设值的偏差程度,分别对测量值和估算值进行加权,得出可以用于引导无人机着陆的实际值。经算例和仿真验证,表明该方法能够有效降低跳点数据对无人机着陆过程的影响,并具有较好的实时性。     

基于TensorFlow的四旋翼无人机着陆地标识别

针对多旋翼无人机在无人干预情况下的自主着陆问题,提出一种基于迁移学习的地面标识图像检测方法.该方法基于TensorFlow深度学习框架,使用迁移学习技术在地面标识数据集上重新训练Inception-v3模型以构建新的地面标识识别模型.以四旋翼无人机为例,将其拍摄的着陆坪图片与其他地面标识图片作为训练集输入神经网络,通过多次训练校正神经网络参数.实验结果表明,基于迁移学习的四旋翼无人机着陆地标识别比直接基于In-ception-v3模型的识别效果要好得多,在仅有数千张训练图片的情况下,测试准确率超过90％.在Windows下训练、测试的模型可移植到树莓派3B上,完成了基于Python和TensorFlow开发的程序在不同操作系统下运行的验证工作.     

多约束条件下无人机航路规划动态评价方法

针对多约束条件的无人机航路规划评价方法缺乏合理性和动态特性的问题,提出了基于无人机六自由度模型的飞行仿真动态评价方法。分析了无人机航路规划的约束条件和影响航路评价的因素,基于某型无人机六自由度飞行动力学模型和飞行控制系统模型建立了无人机飞行仿真系统模型,将航路规划与评价进行有机结合进而进行航路评价方法软件的设计,通过对无人机沿规划航路的仿真飞行参数进行动态特性分析,以更接近真实情况的仿真手段对多约束条件下的航路规划效果进行评价。结果表明,该方法形象直观的实现了对无人机规划航路的动态综合评价,满足工程需求。     

基于跑道平面结构化线特征的固定翼无人机视觉导航算法

针对固定翼无人机在着陆阶段的位姿估计的问题，提出了一种基于跑道平面结构化线特征的无人机视觉导航方法。结构化线特征包括跑道平面上的跑道边缘及共面的垂直于跑道边缘的单条合作标志线。利用单台固连在无人机上的前视相机对跑道区域进行成像，自动提取结构化线特征。在无人机降落前期利用完整的结构化线特征配置解算出无人机的六自由度位姿参数(偏航角、俯仰角、滚转角、纵向位置、横向位置、高度)，并在无人机降落到较低高度时，利用退化的结构化线特征(跑道边缘)解算出无人机的关键位姿参数(偏航角、俯仰角、横向位置、高度)。三维实景仿真实验证明，在距离机场距离为200m处，无人机的距离参数精度为<0.5m，角度参数精度为<0.1°。本文的方法充分考虑到无人机自主着陆过程中的成像特点，具有自动化程度高、工程实用性好的优点。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.