CBM与IETM集成中的数据模型设计及运用

针对现有交互式电子手册(IETM-Interactive Electronic Technical Manual)与基于状态维修(CBM-Con-dition Based Maintenance)系统集成设计中对接口数据的特点类型、结构模式及运用过程缺乏规范化设计的不足,基于开放系统体系结构(OSA-CBM),对集成中的数据内容进行了统一建模,规范了OSA-CBM 6层数据类型与3级CBM系统、4种集成方式的相互关系.面向CBM与IETM集成应用,提出了3种数据结构模式及其运用过程,有效解决了集成接口中的数据模型设计问题.     

军用装备基于状态的维修策略研究

基于状态的维修(CBM)是设备(武器系统)预报初始故障的主动维修的一种形式[1],是本世纪初国内外维修领域研究的热点课题.研究目的是进一步推进基于状态的维修理论在军用装备领域的研究与应用.通过分析维修技术的变化和维修所面临的挑战,说明了CBM是一种更有效的维修方式.文章首先从技术的角度分析CBM可行性,采用流程图的方法对基于状态的维修工作过程(包括状态监控、故障诊断和预测、维修决策)进行了说明,最后探讨了基于状态的维修的发展趋势.研究证明,CBM具有很好的应用前景.     

装备CBM与IETM智能维修系统的集成研究

现代装备维修由以手册为中心的事后检测发展为以信息为中心的状态分析,先进的分析技术集成于装备及其服务中.针对基于交互式电子技术手册(IETM)智能化维修系统在数据交互和诊断推理过程中的互操作性要求,提出了面向开放系统体系结构(OSA-CBM)的基于状态维修(CBM)系统与IETM系统的集成框架,框架给出了CBM与IETM的4级集成方式,并采用观察者模式接口模型,实现了多级集成中对数据交互的重用性要求.     

CBM＋：航空维修保障新趋势

增强型基于状态的维修（CBM＋）是美国军方于本世纪初开始大力推行的一种维修方式，作为一种主动维修形式，它是航空维修的重要发展方向之一。文章通过详细介绍CBM＋方案，着重分析了CBM＋的关键技术及其对航空维修保障工作的影响，最后总结出CBM＋的应用趋势。     

IETM与CBM的系统集成应用

针对IETM(Interactive Electronic Technical Manual)与CBM(Condition Based Maintenance)系统集成的现实需求,分析了CBM系统的功能特性、信息流程、故障监测报告和健康评估方式,结合IETM故障诊断功能和外部应用接口设计,提出了基于故障警报的集成、基于故障定位的集成、基于维修决策的集成和基于状态数据的故障预测集成4种集成方式,并以OSA-CBM(Open System Architecture for Condition Based Maintenance)接口信息规范为标准设计集成接口,保证了集成的通用性。     

装备预防性维修的维修级别逻辑决策分析方法

针对预防性维修的维修级别没有规范、统一的分析与确定方法的问题,研究了预防性维修的维修级别逻辑决策分析方法。明确了预防性维修的维修级别决策分析的对象是预防性维修工作类型,预防性维修主要有定时维修和状态维修,定时维修分为定时拆修和定时报废2种维修工作类型,状态维修分为状态信息检测、状态识别、状态预测、维修决策、故障诊断和维修实施等维修工作类型。根据维修间隔期、维修能力评估、其它非经济性因素以及经济性分析,分别建立了定时维修和状态维修的维修级别逻辑决策模型。     

状态维修决策的研究现状与展望

分析了状态维修开放系统结构下状态维修决策的3个关键内容的研究现状:在状态评估方面,对多参数赋权方法在状态评估中的应用进行了分析;在状态预测方面,按照状态描述形式的不同对状态预测方法进行了分析;依据理论基础的不同对状态维修决策优化建模方法进行了分析.在分析研究现状的基础上,提出应在状态维修动态决策、基于多源信息的状态描述建模和数据驱动的状态维修决策等方面加强研究.     

自行火炮状态维修决策支持系统

针对现阶段自行火炮定期维修中存在问题,为了预防自行火炮的故障以及缩短维修时间,提高自行火炮维修的针对性和有效性,在自行火炮维修中引入了基于状态的维修(Condition Based Maintenance,CBM),从工程应用的角度出发,设计并开发了自行火炮状态维修决策支持系统(CBMDSS),明确了系统设计的目标,构建了系统的总体结构,详细阐述了系统实现的具体功能,应用Visual Studio.Net及Matlab相结合的程序开发语言开发了自行火炮状态维修决策支持系统,对自行火炮开展状态维修具有十分重要的使用价值。     

基于Virtools 4.0的某型船艇柴油机虚拟维修关键技术研究

针对目前船艇柴油机维修训练方式,提出一种基于Virtools 4.0的虚拟维修方法,并对虚拟维修中的虚拟维修建模技术和虚拟维修仿真技术进行研究讨论,重点分析了场景优化、碰撞检测以及交互式维修过程仿真等关键技术。根据实际维修过程,制定虚拟维修训练流程图,编写交互式维修过程实现程序,实现了对船艇柴油机的虚拟维修仿真。最后结合自身的开发经验总结出Virtools 4.0应用中应注意的几个问题。通过对基于Virtools 4.0的虚拟维修关键技术研究,为船艇柴油机虚拟维修训练系统设计开发提供了一定的理论依据。     

PHM在空空导弹勤务保障中的应用

简要介绍了PHM概念和国内外研究现状,参照OSA-CBM模型,提出了空空导弹PHM系统结构,并阐述了各个模块的功能作用。分析了PHM技术应用于空空导弹贮存的效益和影响可靠性的因素,确定了监测参数,根据尺寸、成本等提出传感器选型要求,构建空空导弹包装箱状态监控系统。通过市场调查,确定了可用于状态监控系统的传感器类型,对未来应用于导弹内部的传感器系统提出了期待。     

舰用计算机局部网络通信协议的设计

介绍了舰用计算机局部网络通信协议的设计,重点描述了设计中为提高实时性和可靠性所采用的一些具体技术措施,其中包括:简化ISO/OSI—RM 参考模型,并与IEEE8024标准协议兼容,采用VLSI 技术设计网络接口卡。同时,对其中一些关键技术,如逻辑环的建立与维护、信息的优先级发送与实时响应、数据缓冲区的结构与管理都作了说明。     

Optimal (τ, T) opportunistic maintenance of a k‐out‐of‐n:G system with imperfect PM and partial failure

The opportunistic maintenance of a k‐out‐of‐n:G system with imperfect preventive maintenance (PM) is studied in this paper, where partial failure is allowed. In many applications, the optimal maintenance actions for one component often depend on the states of the other components and system reliability requirements. Two new (τ, T) opportunistic maintenance models with the consideration of reliability requirements are proposed. In these two models, only minimal repairs are performed on failed components before time τ and the corrective maintenance (CM) of all failed components are combined with PM of all functioning but deteriorated components after τ; if the system survives to time T without perfect maintenance, it will be subject to PM at time T. Considering maintenance time, asymptotic system cost rate and availability are derived. The results obtained generalize and unify some previous research in this area. Application to aircraft engine maintenance is presented. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons;, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 47: 223–239, 2000     

基于预防性维修工作组合的维修等级优化研究

针对单部件的维修间隔期无法反映系统的维修最佳间隔期这一问题,对装备各部件在各修理级别上的预防性维修任务组合情况进行了探索。通过建立费用模型作为决策模型,用以组合某一修理级别各部件的维修工作,得出系统预防性维修间隔期,并结合部队实际从系统的角度优化等级维修中的维修工作间隔期,为确定大、中、小修工作提供科学、合理的理论指导。该算法在区分各修理级别的维修能力的基础上,能较好地对各修理级别的维修工作组合情况进行了优化。实例验证了模型的实用性和有效性。     

Heuristics for multicomponent joint replacement: Applications to aircraft engine maintenance

This paper considers the maintenance of aircraft engine components where economies exist for joint replacement because (a) the aircraft must be pulled from service for maintenance and (b) repair of some components requires removal and disassembly of the engine. It is well known that the joint replacement problem is difficult to solve exactly, because the optimal solution does not have a simple structured form. Therefore, we formulate three easy-to-implement heuristics and test their performance against a lower bound for various numerical examples. One of our heuristics, the base interval approach, in which replacement cycles for all components are restricted to be multiples of a specified interval, is shown to be robustly accurate. Moreover, this heuristic is consistent with maintenance policies used by commercial airlines in which periodic maintenance checks are made at regular intervals. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 45: 435–458, 1998     

Maintenance scheduling for modular systems: Modeling and algorithms

We study new models of scheduled maintenance management for modular systems, consisting of multiple components with respective cycle limits. The cycle limit of each component specifies the time interval in which this component must be repaired or replaced. The goal is to compute a feasible maintenance schedule that minimizes the cost associated with component maintenance. Applications of these models arise in Air Force aircraft maintenance as well as in other arenas with required preventive maintenance. The typical cost structures that arise in practical settings are submodular, which make the resulting models computationally challenging. We develop two efficient and operationally tenable approximation algorithms. We prove constant factor worst‐case guarantees for both algorithms, and present computational experiments showing that these algorithms perform within a few percent of optimality on operationally relevant instances. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 472–488, 2014     

An optimal structured policy for maintenance of partially observable aircraft engine components

This paper considers the maintenance of aircraft engine components that are subject to stress. We model the deterioration process by means of the cumulative jump process representation of crack growth. However, because in many cases cracks are not easily observable, maintenance decisions must be made on the basis of other information. We incorporate stress information collected via sensors into the scheduling decision process by means of a partially observable Markov decision process model. Using this model, we demonstrate the optimality of structured maintenance policies, which support practical maintenance schedules. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 45: 335–352, 1998     

考虑修理工可变休假的n中取k系统可靠性模型

针对装备保障中维修调度对装备训练及可靠性的影响,将支队级修理所保障多艘舰船维修工作的情况抽象为单一维修台保障多个系统的维修力量调度分配,引入修理工可变休假策略对其进行描述,以装备结构中常见的n中取k系统为研究对象,针对以往研究利用指数分布等典型分布导致模型约束条件过于严格的问题,利用连续Phase-type分布描述了系统相关随机变量,构建系统可靠性解析模型,通过算例验证了模型适用性,模拟分析了修理工有无休假、修理工休假速率等相关因子对系统运行指标产生的各种影响。算例结果表明,该可靠性模型可以有效复现维修力量调度对n中取k系统可靠性的影响,可为修理工休假次数的合理安排、系统部件数量的优化配置提供理论基础和实践参考。     

军机航电系统实现两级维修的关键技术

简要叙述了航电系统的内涵、维修体制的工作流程及其从三级到两级的变化,着重探讨了航电系统实现两级维修的关键技术,主要包括系统和部件分级技术、智能BIT技术、FMEA技术、维修分析技术.随着航电技术的发展,模块化、综合化、标准化、智能BIT技术和ATE技术的进步,必将设计出满足两级维修体制的航电系统体系结构及其保障系统.     

Optimal renewal policies for complex systems

Most maintenance and replacement models for industrial equipment have been developed for independent single-component machines. Most equipment, however, consists of multiple components. Also, when the maintenance crew services several machines, the maintenance policy for each machine is not independent of the states of the other machines. In this paper, two dynamic programming replacement models are presented. The first is used to determine the optimal replacement policy for multi-component equipment. The second is used to determine the optimal replacement policy for a multi-machine system which uses one replacement crew to service several machines. In addition, an approach is suggested for developing an efficient replacement policy for a multi-component, multi-machine system.     

基于STD的运行时系统研究与测试软件可移植性的实现

分析了IEEE1641信号与测试定义标准的层次结构,利用UML建模工具对该标准中的基本信号组件和测试信号框架进行了静态和动态建模,在此基础上分析了STD与ATML的关系,研究了基于该标准的运行时系统实现方法,实现了测试软件的可移植性。