GMAW堆焊成形件的组织分析

采用熔化极气体保护焊和H08Mn2Si实芯丝材进行三维堆焊成形,采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察成形件横截面的组织形貌,并分析其组织机理。结果表明：堆焊成形件的组织呈现出宏观组织整体均匀、微观组织却有循环变化的特点;堆焊成形的循环加热模式决定了成形件的微观组织呈现出循环变化的规律;而已熔敷焊道对后续焊道的预热以及后续焊道对前面焊道的后热,是造成成形件整体组织均匀的主要原因。     

无电焊接热循环测试研究

利用热电偶测试了无电焊接过程中同一厚度钢板不同位置、不同厚度钢板同一位置处的焊接热循环曲线,探讨了无电焊接热循环规律及焊接母材厚度对无电焊接热循环的影响。研究表明：无电焊接时,焊件上不同位置点的热循环曲线与电弧焊基本相似。但相较而言,无电焊接在加热阶段的升温速度与冷却阶段的降温速度均显著小于电弧焊。无电焊接过程中,焊件上离焊缝中心线越近,其升温速度越大,峰值温度越高,冷却速度也越大,这一变化规律与电弧焊时完全一致。无电焊接时,焊接热量沿横向的传热速度远大于其沿纵向的传热速度,这使得焊件厚度对无电焊接的影响较为显著,也是焊件厚度增加将导致焊接难度显著增大的根本原因。     

铝中间层对TA2/5083爆炸焊接影响的数值模拟

为研究添加中间层对TA2/5083爆炸焊接的影响,分别选取0.3 mm和0.5 mm厚度的1060铝中间层,利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件结合ALE算法建立三维数值模型,分别模拟出添加0.3 mm和0.5 mm厚度1060铝中间层的焊接过程,与直接爆炸焊接TA2和5083复合板进行对比。模拟结果表明：选择适当厚度的1060铝中间层,能有效减少基板所受碰撞压力,让爆炸焊接过程更加平稳;结合建立的爆炸复合窗口,添加中间层能大大扩展可焊接窗口,减小碰撞速度,模拟结果更加接近理论碰撞速度,使复板以更佳的飞行速度与基板结合;0.3 mm厚度中间层复合板的焊接质量高于0.5 mm厚度中间层高于无中间层的,模拟与实验吻合较好,添加合适厚度的中间层1060能大程度提高TA2/5083复合质量。     

无电焊接中厚度钢板焊接接头的组织结构与性能研究

采用无电焊接方法对12mm厚度钢板进行了焊接。分析了满足中厚度钢板焊接能量要求的技术途径;利用SEM,EDS,XRD等手段观察、分析了焊缝的组织成分与显微结构;测试了焊接接头的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、显微硬度等力学性能。结果表明:在选择高放热体系基础上,通过增大焊接笔直径、减小反应物料粒径、提高压坯密度等方法,可以有效增大焊接热效率,从而满足中厚度钢板焊接能量需求;焊缝组织分为热影响区、熔合区与合金区,焊缝合金与母材间通过熔合区形成了冶金结合;焊接接头因固溶强化和析晶强化的作用,具有良好的力学性能,拉伸强度、平均显微硬度与弯曲强度分别为357MPa、186HV0.2与644MPa,达到了野战应急抢修技术要求。     

火药复合焊条焊接接头的微观组织及性能

为提高战场装备的应急抢修能力,以火药和2Al/3CuO系高热剂为焊接热源,开发了一种新型的便携式焊接材料——火药复合焊条,对其焊缝的组织形貌及性能进行研究.试验结果表明,火药复合焊条的焊接属于熔化焊,焊缝与基体之间存在明显的过渡区,焊缝成形良好,焊缝的抗拉强度大于400MPa,高于母材本身强度,能够满足战场应急抢修能力的需要.     

装备内孔零件的堆焊修复与滚压强化工艺研究

阐述了一种修复损伤内孔零件的精密脉冲等离子粉末堆焊+滚压强化复合处理工艺,通过试验对修复层的组织性能进行了观察与测试。结果表明:修复的薄壁内孔零件试样基体变形小,修复层与基体属于冶金结合,修复层和基体过渡区域(包括熔合区和热影响区)较窄,堆焊质量良好;堆焊修复内孔零件试样经车削+滚压强化处理后表面光滑、平整,粗糙度明显降低,且形成了高值残余压应力,这些都有利于改善修复零件的抗疲劳性能。该修理工艺简单可靠、经济实用,可实现损伤内孔零件控型与控性的有效结合,为重载装备的内孔零件修复提供了一种方法。     

5A06薄板铝合金的手工钨极氩弧焊工艺研究

某型号产品为5A06铝合金材料,在焊接过程中易变形且焊缝强度达不到指标要求。为提高焊缝强度、满足焊接质量要求,分析了焊接过程中热输入对接头强度影响,并设计了焊接工装夹具。通过研究,确定了产品焊接所需的理想工艺参数,采用焊接工装,防止焊缝的变形,最终焊接接头强度达到指标要求。结果表明,焊接工装夹具的设计和合理的焊接工艺参数是保证和提高焊接质量的关键因素。     

一种Cu基自蔓延焊笔焊接Q235和45钢焊缝的组织与性能

利用研制的一种可焊接6～10 mm厚钢结构件的Cu基自蔓延焊笔,焊接了10 mm厚的Q235钢和45钢,研究了其焊缝的组织形貌和性能,发现焊缝与基体间存在熔合区,焊缝属于熔焊焊接.焊缝的拉伸强度达282 MPa,弯曲强度达628 MPa,冲击韧度为46.43 J/cm2;焊缝显微硬度达HV0.1230,熔合区显微硬度达HV0.1255.6,高于基体热影响区的硬度.     

药芯焊丝耐磨堆焊过程中FB树脂对碳化钨颗粒的热保护作用

为了减轻堆焊过程中碳化钨颗粒的熔化及溶解烧损,采用FB树脂作为热保护剂对铸造碳化钨颗粒进行了表面包覆处理,并对制作的药芯焊丝进行了TIG焊堆焊试验。用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱仪对堆焊层的微观组织和碳化物形貌进行观察分析,结果表明:采用FB树脂保护的碳化钨颗粒在堆焊过程中的熔化及溶解烧损明显降低,堆焊后复合层中保留了大量的碳化钨颗粒,颗粒周围的碳元素含量较高。热绝缘剂的使用与否对基体显微硬度的影响较大,而对堆焊层表面的洛氏硬度影响较小。此外,还通过湿砂橡胶轮磨损台对药芯焊丝进行了磨损实验,结果表明:采用了热保护的堆焊层在磨损试验中能够有效地阻碍砂粒的犁削作用,从而使耐磨性大大增加。     

添加剂对无电焊接脱渣性及焊缝成形的影响

针对焊接熔渣严重影响无电焊接焊缝成形的问题,通过添加造渣剂组分,研究了添加剂对无电焊接熔渣脱渣性及焊缝成形的影响。测试结果表明:添加剂的加入,使得无电焊接熔渣体系中形成多种多元化合物,并均匀、弥散地分布在Al2O3基体之中,形成规则的片层状组织,具有较好的相容性,而且通过形成多种多元化合物,使得无电焊接熔渣中的Al2O3相含量明显降低,从而显著地改善了无电焊接的脱渣性和焊缝成形性能,焊接接头的拉伸强度得到明显提高。     

Investigation on the process parameters of TIG-welded aluminum alloy through mechanical and microstructural characterization

Multi-pass TIG welding was conducted on plates (15×300×180 mm3) of aluminum alloy Al-5083 that usually serves as the component material in structural applications such as cryogenics and chemical processing industries. Porosity formation and solidification cracking are the most common defects when TIG welding Al-5083 alloy, which is sensitive to the welding heat input. In the experiment, the heat input was varied from 0.89 kJ/mm to 5 kJ/mm designed by the combination of welding torch travel speed and welding current. Tensile, micro-Vicker hardness and Charpy impact tests were executed to witness the impetus response of heat input on the mechanical properties of the joints. Radiographic inspection was performed to assess the joint's quality and welding defects. The results show that all the specimens displayed inferior mechanical properties as compared to the base alloy. It was established that porosity was progressively abridged by the increase of heat input. The results also clinched that the use of me-dium heat input (1-2 kJ/mm) offered the best mechanical properties by eradicating welding defects, in which only about 18.26% of strength was lost. The yield strength of all the welded specimens remained unaffected indicated no influence of heat input. Partially melted zone (PMZ) width also affected by heat input, which became widened with the increase of heat input. The grain size of PMZ was found to be coarser than the respective grain size in the fusion zone. Charpy impact testing revealed that the absorbed energy by low heat input specimen (welded at high speed) was greater than that of high heat input (welded at low speed) because of low porosity and the formation of equiaxed grains which induce better impact toughness. Cryogenic (-196 C) impact testing was also performed and the results corroborate that impact properties under the cryogenic environment revealed no appreciable change after welding at designated heat input. Finally, Macro and micro fractured surfaces of tensile and impact specimens were analyzed using Stereo and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), which have supported the experimental findings.     

Comparative study on transverse shrinkage,mechanical and metallurgical properties of AA2219 aluminium weld joints prepared by gas tungsten arc and gas metal arc welding processes

Aluminium alloy AA2219 is a high strength alloy belonging to 2000 series. It has been widely used for aerospace applications, especially for construction of cryogenic fuel tank. However, arc welding of AA2219 material is very critical. The major problems that arise in arc welding of AA2219 are the adverse development of residual stresses and the re-distribution as well as dissolution of copper rich phase in the weld joint.These effects increase with increase in heat input. Thus, special attention was taken to especially thick section welding of AA2219-T87 aluminium alloy. Hence, the present work describes the 25 mm-thick AA2219-T87 aluminium alloy plate butt welded by GTAW and GMAW processes using multi-pass welding procedure in double V groove design. The transverse shrinkage, conventional mechanical and metallurgical properties of both the locations on weld joints were studied. It is observed that the fair copper rich cellular(CRC) network is on Side-A of both the weldments. Further, it is noticed that, the severity of weld thermal cycle near to the fusion line of HAZ is reduced due to low heat input in GTAW process which results in non dissolution of copper rich phase. Based on the mechanical and metallurgical properties it is inferred that GTAW process is used to improve the aforementioned characteristics of weld joints in comparison to GMAW process.     

Effect of fusion welding processes on tensile properties of armor grade,high thickness,non-heat treatable aluminium alloy joints

AA5059 is one of the high strength armor grade aluminium alloy that finds its applications in the military vehicles due to the higher resistance against the armor piercing (AP) threats. This study aimed at finding the best suitable process among the fusion welding processes such as gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and gas metal arc welding (GMAW) by evaluating the tensile properties of AA5059 aluminium alloy joints. The fracture path was identified by mapping the low hardness distribution profile (LHDP) across the weld cross section under tensile loading. Optical and scanning electron microscopies were used to characterize the microstructural features of the welded joints at various zones. It is evident from the results that GTAW joints showed superior tensile properties compared to GMAW joints and this is primarily owing to the presence of finer grains in the weld metal zone (WMZ) and narrow heat-affected zone (HAZ). The lower heat input associated with the GTAW process effectively reduced the size of the WMZ and HAZ compared to GMAW process. Lower heat input of GTAW process results in faster cooling rate which hinders the grain growth and reduces the evaporation of magnesium in weld metal compared to GMAW joints. The fracture surface of GTAW joint consists of more dimples than GMAW joints which is an indication that the GTAW joint possess improved ductility than GMAW joint.     

电磁轨道炮轨道温度场与热应力数值仿真

在电磁轨道炮发射过程中,因热量累积而引起的急速温升与热应力对轨道性能和寿命有着重要的影响。为获得发射过程中轨道温度场及热应力分布情况,在分析轨道热载荷的基础上,建立了热载荷计算模型,并在给定的参数下,利用有限元仿真软件ANSYS Workbench对3种典型截面轨道的温度场与热应力进行了数值仿真。仿真结果表明:轨道温度场与热应力轴向上呈梯度分布,纵向上只扩散到内表面很薄的区域,温度与热应力最大值在电枢初始位置处;相较于矩形与凹形截面轨道,凸形截面轨道温升与热应力较低,性能较好。     

Effect of friction stir processing on mechanical properties and heat transfer of TIG welded joint of AA6061 and AA7075

Tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding is the most commonly used joining process for aluminum alloy for AA6061 and AA7075 which are highly demanded in the aerospace engineering and the automobile sector, but there are some defects occur during TIG welding like micro-crack, coarse grain structure, and porosity. To improve these defects, the TIG welded joint is processed using friction stir processing (FSP). This paper presents the effect of friction stir processing on TIG welding with filler ER4043 and ER 5356 for dissimilar aluminum alloy AA6061 and AA7075. The mechanical characterization, finite element formulation and mathematical equations of heat transfer of TIG + FSP welded joints are investigated using ANSYS Fluent software by adjusting process parameters of FSP. The results show that the maximum compressive residual stress 73 MPa was obtained at the fusion zone (FZ) of the TIG weldment with filler ER4043, whereas minimum compressive residual stress 37 MPa was obtained at stir zone (SZ) of the TIG+FSP with filler 5356. The maximum heat flux 5.33 × 106 W/m2 and temperature 515 ℃ have observed at tool rotation 1600 rpm with a feed rate of 63 mm/min. These results give a satisfactory measure of confidence in the fidelity of the simulation     

基于瞬态球状热斗篷的地下浅层目标红外隐身技术研究

由于浅层地下目标与背景土壤的热物性不同，影响了整个区域表面的温度场分布，容易被敌方探测系统发现并击毁。针对这一问题，考虑太阳辐射、天空辐射以及风速的影响，本文建立了埋藏地下目标的区域温度分布传热模型，揭示了不同时段埋藏地下目标对区域表面温度场的影响。在变换热力学的基础上，通过坐标变换的方法，推导出球状瞬态热斗篷的导热系数的通解表达式；根据等效介质理论，对设计的热物性参数进行均质化，并通过数值实验方法验证了基于热斗篷地下目标红外隐身技术的可行性。     

采用瞬态球状热斗篷方法的浅层地下目标红外隐身技术

由于浅层地下目标与背景土壤的热物性不同,影响了整个区域表面的温度场分布,容易被敌方探测系统发现并击毁。针对这一问题,考虑太阳辐射、天空辐射以及风速的影响,建立了埋藏地下目标的区域温度分布传热模型,揭示了不同时段埋藏地下目标对区域表面温度场的影响。在变换热力学的基础上,通过坐标变换的方法,推导出球状瞬态热斗篷的导热系数的通解表达式。根据等效介质理论,对设计的热物性参数进行均质化,并通过数值实验方法验证了基于热斗篷地下目标红外隐身技术的可行性。     

无电焊接材料的燃烧速度和燃烧温度研究

采用高放热性的铝热剂（CuO＋Al）并加入适当的添加剂,制备了便携式的无电焊接笔材料,其燃烧速度可控,且具有高的燃烧温度。研究了反应剂颗粒大小、混料均匀性等对无电焊接笔材料的燃烧性能的影响。结果表明：反应剂粒径对无电焊接笔的燃烧速度具有显著影响,随着反应剂粒径的增大,燃烧速度明显减慢。反应剂粒径和混料时间是影响单位时间放热量和混料均匀度的主要因素,因而对无电焊接笔的燃烧温度具有明显影响。在一定的混料时间下,反应物粉末具有最佳的混料均匀性。反应物粒径小且混料均匀性好的无电焊接笔材料,其燃烧温度高。