弹药不足条件下小口径舰炮射击方法

在未来的海战中,小口径舰炮可能要多次抗击来袭的空中目标.在最后一次抗击中,很可能会出现剩余弹药不再满足整个射击航路段所需的弹药数这种情况.此时如何合理地确定射击方法将对小口径舰炮武器系统的射击效果产生直接的影响.在现有战术软件的基础上,提出压缩开火距离数学模型,可以明显提高小口径舰炮武器系统,对空中目标尤其是导弹目标的命中概率.     

基于零飞误差的舰炮武器射击效能仿真

为探讨零飞试验在舰炮武器系统试验中的作用,以舰炮跟踪真实目标获取的零飞误差数据为基础,建立了直接命中体制反导舰炮武器系统的仿真模型,在较接近真实的条件下模拟计算了舰炮武器系统的射击效能,给出了某舰炮武器系统的命中概率和毁伤概率的仿真计算结果。计算结果与实弹射击结果接近,表明该仿真方法不仅可以预测武器系统零飞试验后的系统精度,还可以验证射击试验结果的置信度。     

目标摆式机动对反导舰炮射击精度的影响

为了探讨目标机动对舰炮武器系统射击精度的影响,采用仿真方法计算了目标末端摆式机动时近程反导舰炮武器系统的命中概率,以图示方式给出多种机动周期、多种摆幅、2种射速条件下的计算结果.结果表明,较小周期的摆式机动可显著降低舰炮武器系统命中概率,提高舰炮射速是增大对机动目标命中概率的有效途径.     

舰炮弹丸对零航路捷径超声速导弹的侵彻分析

以零航路捷径下小口径舰炮弹丸对超声速反舰导弹的侵彻毁伤效果为研究方向,仿真计算了零航路捷径下小口径舰炮弹丸与超声速反舰导弹的交汇姿态,建立了反舰导弹模型,在此基础上就不同侵彻部位及交汇角度条件下小口径舰炮弹丸对超声速反舰导弹的侵彻毁伤效果进行了有限元仿真,得出了具有统计意义的仿真结果,总结了弹丸无法毁伤导弹战斗部的几点因素。研究对有效评价小口径舰炮弹丸对超声速反舰导弹的毁伤效果以及对导弹整体的易损性分析提供了理论参考。     

多功能小口径舰炮——一种新型舰载近程武器系统

具有“双重命中体制”的多功能小口径舰炮是近10年来才发展起来的舰载近程武器系统,它将直接与间接命中体制的优点结合起来,用一座舰炮发挥两种不同射击体制的作用,除具有对空对海作战效能之外,还使全航路反导毁伤概率得到较大提高,当然,这种多功能舰炮必须具备双路供弹系统和相应的自动更换弹种机构及其控制系统等特点。中国是世界上“双重命中体制”研究的先行者之一。     

舰炮武器系统对导弹目标毁伤概率的数字仿真

以某型反导舰炮武器系统为原型,通过分析舰炮武器系统反导作战过程,利用靶场舰炮武器系统的动态精度试验数据,建立了动态精度计算毁伤概率的数学模型,模拟了舰炮武器系统对导弹目标着发射击的毁伤概率,实现了毁伤概率的仿真计算,仿真结果与实弹射击结果接近.结果表明,应用这种方法,可以实现动态精度预估毁伤概率,为射击试验方案制定提供决策依据,也可以为舰炮武器系统射击效力的鉴定和效能评估提供参考.     

基于拦阻射击的阵列式高射频武器反应时间优化

针对小口径舰炮武器在近程防御中的使命任务,怎样缩短反应时间是每一种舰炮武器系统所追求的.通过逆向思维方式,比较分析了新型高射速舰炮采用拦阻射击方式与传统小口径舰炮武器采用跟踪集火射击方式的反应时间.得出拦阻射击所允许的反应时问增大,增加的时间可以更好地用于提高命中概率和对付目标群等.     

激光驾束制导炮射导弹远距离命中概率分析

根据100mm和105mm炮射导弹武器系统的射击特点和工作状态,分析了炮射导弹远距离射击时影响命中概率的主要因素,对武器系统炮射导弹射击命中概率进行了仿真计算,最后根据技术分析的结果,提出了控制影响命中率的误差源的技术措施.     

舰炮武器对驱逐舰目标射击毁伤定律研究

在综合评判驱逐舰目标毁伤等级并建立目标毁伤树的基础上,构造了舰炮武器系统对驱逐舰目标射击命中毁伤区域的简化模型图,建立了舰炮对驱逐舰目标射击的条件命中概率模型,通过分析弹丸对装甲目标的终点效应,建立了舰炮对驱逐舰目标射击的条件毁伤概率模型.计算结果表明,运用该方法研究舰炮武器系统对驱逐舰目标射击毁伤定律可信性高.     

针对无人机集群目标的舰炮对空射击方法

利用低成本无人机集群实施饱和攻击,将成为未来海战场突破舰艇对空防御系统的一种新型作战样式.从现有中小口径舰炮武器系统的射击体制出发,详细分析了现有追踪射击方法在打击此类密集目标时的能力不足,为增强现役中小口径舰炮武器系统打击无人机集群目标的能力,提出了基于未来空域窗的对空射击新方法,该方法控制武器系统内的单脉冲雷达波束对集群目标进行空间拉偏扫描,并通过最大似然估计的超分辨算法,获取迎弹面上的集群目标分布特征,改进传统未来空域窗射击方法中弹头均匀散布的设计思路,通过求解高斯混合模型配置弹丸散布中心,使得迎弹面上的弹丸散布概率与集群目标分布特征相匹配.仿真结果表明,该射击方法现实可行,可用于提升中小口径舰炮武器系统对无人机集群目标的打击能力.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.