干扰近似OFDM/OQAM系统半盲信道估计

非合作通信背景下,针对传统干扰近似法（Interference Approximate Method, IAM）进行OFDM/OQAM系统信道估计需要导频符号值作为先验信息的问题,提出一种基于OQAM符号特征的IAM（OQAM Characteristic Based-IAM,OCB-IAM）估计算法。该算法利用OQAM实符号的有限集特征,将信道衰落系数幅度和相位分开估计,在仅获得导频位置而未知导频符号值的条件下实现了OFDM/OQAM系统半盲信道估计。并且证明了OCB-IAM算法由于利用接收符号的二阶统计量将高斯白噪声变为非随机的单音干扰,从而在中低信噪比条件下具有优于IAM算法的估计性能。仿真实验验证了理论推导的正确性和OCB-IAM算法的可靠性。     

OQAM/OFDM系统中基于压缩感知的离散导频信道估计方法

针对多径信道条件下,偏移正交幅度调制的正交频分复用(OQAM/OFDM)系统中采用导频序列方式进行信道估计时导频开销较大的问题,提出一种基于压缩感知的离散导频信道估计方法。该方法利用无线信道的稀疏特性,建立基于压缩感知的OQAM/OFDM系统信道估计模型,对离散导频结构进行了优化设计,使较少的导频符号随机分布在子载波上,在接收端利用信号恢复算法实现信道估计。该方法能够显著减少导频数量,并实现高精度信道估计性能,通过实验仿真对比验证了所提方法在慢时变和快时变的无线信道条件下的有效性。     

散射通信中OFDM/OQAM的ICI和ISI分析

散射通信以其特有性能在无线通信领域发挥着重要作用,但存在传播损耗大、多径传输和衰落问题,基于交错正交幅度调制的正交频分复用系统(OFDM/OQAM)无需循环前缀,既具有传统正交频分复用系统(OFDM)抗多径干扰的优势,又利用滤波器组消除多径信道之间的符号间干扰(ISI)和载波间干扰(ICI),而无需保护间隔,提高了频谱利用率。建立了对流层散射信道抽头延迟线信道模型,分析了ICI和ISI的数学统计特性,将OFDM/OQAM系统与CP-OFDM/QAM系统进行对比。仿真分析表明:散射信道下OFDM/OQAM系统较传统的OFDM系统抑制ICI和ISI具有明显优势,误码率(BER)明显降低,为实现散射信道的高速率、大容量可靠通信提供了的方向指导。     

基于散射信道的OFDM/OQAM信道估计方法

针对散射信道下OFDM/OQAM系统的信道估计问题,将散射信道建模为瑞利衰落信道,对预编码信道估计方法进行了分析,并且提出了一种改进的预编码信道估计方法。该方法通过改变导频结构的布置,减小预编码矩阵的维数,对未编码符号的干扰通过置零法进行消除,从而降低了预编码信道估计方法的计算复杂度。仿真结果表明,改进方法保证了信道估计的性能,与现有的预编码方法相比,改进方法显著降低了计算复杂度,同时不会产生额外的导频功率消耗。     

正交频分复用水声通信自适应调制算法

分析预估信道长度对信道估计算法的影响规律,提出利用水声通信均衡恢复信号统计量对信道估计质量评估的方法。通过信道长度自适应修正机制,实现对未知水声信道的高精度估计。针对水声信道造成的正交频分复用子载波特性差异,基于信道估计结果,提出在码元总速率、能量约束条件下,各个正交频分复用子载波速率、功率优化分配的自适应调制算法。与传统的等功率、速率分配算法相比,新算法能够显著提升水声通信系统的误码率性能,通过仿真和实地试验,验证了研究内容的有效性。     

OQAM/OFDM系统峰均比影响因素研究

针对OQAM/OFDM系统存在较高的峰均比的问题,从使用的原型滤波器类型和插入的导频方法两个方面进行了仿真分析。经研究,插入导频会使系统PAPR性能降低,而不同的原型滤波器对系统PAPR性能没有影响。格状导频中,AP法、预编码法和置零法分别对系统PAPR性能有不同程度的影响;增大预编码法的导频间隔会提高系统PAPR性能,但会降低系统的BER性能。块状导频中,系统PAPR性能随着导频列数的增加而降低;导频列数相同时,改变导频的数值不会影响系统PAPR性能。研究结果为OQAM/OFDM峰均比算法研究和导频设计提供参考。     

OFDM/OQAM系统信道估计改进方法

在基于导频的信道估计方法中,伪导频的功率决定了该信道估计方法的性能。为了提高OFDM/OQAM系统的信道估计精度,提高频谱效率,提出一种基于改进导频结构的信道估计方法。在原有导频结构的基础上,对其中功率最高的导频结构进行改进,并给出对应的信道估计方法。由于缺乏足够的接收信号先验知识,无法直接对信道进行估计。为了解决这一问题,提出一种预判决方法对接收信号进行估计,并通过迭代减小预判决引入的误差,提高估计精度。仿真结果表明,本文提出的导频结构具有更高的频谱效率和更好的信道估计性能。     

TDS-OFDM雷达通信共享信号波形设计

在使用正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM)信号的雷达通信一体化系统中,循环前缀(Cyclic Prefix, CP)和导频的存在,使得共享信号在自相关运算中出现较高的副瓣电平,严重影响雷达检测性能。针对这个问题,提出一种新的基于时域同步OFDM(Time Domain Synchronization OFDM, TDS-OFDM)的共享信号形式,该信号利用训练序列填充保护间隔,同时完成同步与信道估计,从而避免了CP副瓣和导频副瓣的出现。首先分析TDS-OFDM共享信号的模糊函数,然后通过训练序列的优化设计,有效降低TDS-OFDM信号的距离峰值副瓣,同时保持训练序列自身良好的自相关性能。理论分析与仿真表明,相对于CP-OFDM,TDS-OFDM共享信号更加适用于雷达通信一体化系统。     

一种结合Turbo均衡和栅格OFDM系统的T-LOFDM系统

在双扩散信道环境下,已证明LOFDM系统误码性能优于正交频分复用(OFDM)系统。文章结合T urbo均衡技术和LOFDM系统提出了一种双扩散信道条件下拥有良好性能的T-LOFDM系统,并阐述了其工作原理。仿真实验表明:在双扩散信道条件下,T-LOFDM系统具有非常良好的性能,其误码率性能明显优于LOFDM结合MM SE均衡的系统,也明显优于OFDM结合T urbo均衡的系统。     

叠加导频的放大转发协作通信系统时变信道估计方法

在基于正交频分复用技术的放大转发协作通信系统中,针对整体中继信道估计(S-R-D)辅助导频占用额外带宽使带宽利用率低的缺点以及传统叠加导频信道估计性能不高的缺点,提出了一种新的对角叠加导频方案。在不增加导频数量的前提下,将叠加导频的位置由传统的块状叠加变为对角叠加后,信道估计性能优于传统叠加导频方案和辅助导频方案,且与理想信道估计性能接近。仿真结果表明:和传统方法相比,采用对角叠加导频方案不仅提高了信道估计精度和带宽利用率,而且可以较好地跟踪信道的变化。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.