基于正则化的多平台导航定位及探测偏差估计方法

影响舰载雷达探测误差主要为平台导航定位误差和传感器自身探测误差,针对对这两类误差的影响因素进行了分析,首次综合考虑这两种系统误差,提出了一种基于正则化的多平台导航定位及探测偏差估计方法,利用不同舰艇上传感器对公共目标探测的迭合条件,建立系统误差观测方程,利用LS对两种系统误差同时进行了估计,并在偏差估计中采用正则化估计方法,提高估计结果的稳定性,最后进行了仿真验证,仿真效果验证了算法的有效性,具有较高的工程应用价值.     

基于平方根UKF的海上多平台误差配准方法

给出了多传感器数据对准的坐标变换模型,并分别构建了关于导航系统误差和传感器系统误差的测量方程和状态方程,然后设计了一种平方根UKF误差配准算法以对两种系统误差进行在线估计和补偿,完成海上多平台的误差配准。仿真实验验证了该算法的正确性和有效性。     

多目标环境下基于分布式融合思想的误差估计方法

针对多雷达多目标跟踪过程中分布未知的系统误差估计问题,提出了基于"分布式融合思想"的误差估计方法。给出相应误差估计方法的计算公式,利用改进截断奇异值方法来减轻矩阵病态性的影响,提高误差估计的稳健性。设置了两种不同的系统误差仿真场景,对"分布式"误差估计方法在两种情形下的估计性能进行了仔细对比分析。结合"分布式"误差估计方法与"集中式估计"方法所体现出的优缺点,提出了一种将两种方法结合起来的系统误差估计算法,算法通过合理选择阈值门限η,能够在多雷达多目标且系统误差分布未知的复杂环境下对两种误差估计算法自适应地进行切换,从而充分发挥两种误差估计算法各自的优点,给出更好的误差估计结果。     

伪波峰干扰下基于多点融合的地形匹配定位估计方法

深海地形匹配导航初始定位概率函数往往存在多伪波峰现象,造成较大的滤波器初始化误差,并影响导航滤波器的收敛性和稳定性。为解决多伪波峰干扰下的地形匹配导航高精度初始定位问题,提出了基于初始航迹段关联信息约束的多地形匹配定位点融合定位方法(MTP)。该方法通过推算导航点之间的强关联性和地形匹配定位误差的时空有界性构建初始航迹段的位置约束模型,并通过损失函数模型识别伪航迹中的最优航迹段,从而获得初始定位估计。船载数据回放仿真试验表明,在低适配区,MTP定位偏差和偏差标准差较TERCOM分别降低了29.8%和29.7%;在高适配区,MTP定位偏差和偏差标准差较TERCOM分别降低了32.2%和34.9%,验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于Mean-Shift的传感器动态偏差估计方法

针对系统误差变化规律未知时的传感器探测系统偏差估计问题,提出了一种改进的基于Mean-Shift(均值偏移)的传感器动态偏差估计算法.该算法利用Mean-Shift方法对不同样本点对估计结果贡献不同的特点,根据样本点偏离均值的偏移量以及偏移时间构建权系数.仿真结果表明,该方法在系统误差变化规律未知的情况下,可有效估计多...     

一种多雷达多目标抗系统误差航迹起始方法

提出了一种多雷达多目标抗系统误差航迹起始方法,该方法利用不同雷达对同一目标探测具有较大相似性的特点,对接收到的多部雷达点迹,经初始相关序列提取、相关序列近邻假设整体分配、目标初始状态估计等环节,进行多雷达航迹起始,有助于解决因系统误差估计与数据关联互为前提而无法对目标实施精确跟踪的问题。仿真结果表明,该方法能够对多雷达点迹进行有效互联,提高存在雷达系统误差条件下的航迹起始正确率。     

分布式多传感器系统误差实时检测分析

针对现有分布式多传感器系统中无法知道何时需要进行系统误差估计与配准的问题,采用基于与航迹相关的检验统计量研究系统误差的实时检测。首先,分析了分布式传感器系统中传感器系统误差对各传感器上报到融合中心的航迹的影响,在此基础上构建了系统误差实时检测的检验统计量,同时给出了检测的门限与准则,最后通过建立合适的仿真环境分析了在各传感器分别有无系统误差情况下的检测问题,并且通过实测数据进一步验证,仿真结果以及实测数据验证了检测算法的可靠性及实用性。     

低成本SINS/GPS组合导航系统仿真

捷联惯导系统(SINS)由于受到自身传感器性能和惯性导航原理的影响,导航定位误差较大。随着GPS导航系统性能的不断完善以及GPS固有的一些不足之处,将SINS和GPS两者进行组合形成组合导航系统,以此来完成载体的导航任务成为目前的研究热点。针对一种适合于工程应用的低成本SINS/GPS组合导航系统进行了仿真研究,并对该组合导航系统建立了一种工程化的系统模型。利用自适应卡尔曼滤波器对系统误差进行估计,获得了良好的效果。通过仿真实验验证了所建立的系统模型能够满足组合导航系统的功能要求并具有良好的稳定性。     

针对不同视场辅助信标的无人机目标定位方法

针对无人机在单站测角测距的目标定位过程中受无人机姿态角误差影响较大的问题，提出一种对辅助信标进行探测并与惯性传感器相结合的无人机姿态求解方法。建立基于容积卡尔曼滤波的惯性传感器姿态求解模型，采用梯度下降法对基于辅助信标的无人机位姿参数进行求解，并综合它们的结果对无人机的姿态偏差进行估计和校正，最后完成了不同视场条件下的目标定位和仿真计算。结果表明，所提方法对无人机目标定位精度有明显提高。     

线性模型的海基制导系统误差分离方法性能分析

利用传统制导工具系统误差线性回归模型，对Bayes估计、主成分分析以及正则化分析三种改进的分离方法进行了比较，分析了它们在工程应用上的优缺点，给出了实际应用时的限制因素；同时结合海基导弹特有的初始状态误差，设计了整体估计、分段估计以及迭代估计三种估计策略，给出了相应的分离步骤。仿真结果表明，文中给出的三种误差分离方法在不同的评价标准下具有不同的实际应用意义；而在弹道差评价标准以及方差评价标准下，分段估计和迭代估计策略下的误差分离结果要明显好于传统整体估计结果。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

SIM—LISP:一个通信网络管理专家系统外壳的设计与实现

本文介绍了笔者为开发名为OONMES的网络管理专家系统所实现的一个简单专家系统工具SIM-LISP。SIM-LISP是一个用C/C++语言来实现的模拟LISP语言的可调用函数集,它短小精巧,速度快,可以完成针对网管专家系统的事实或规则知识的表示、匹配、合一和推理等基本操作,并有与知识对象的连接功能,是网管专家系统内核实现的支撑环境。     

Al Qaida on the US invasion of Afghanistan in their own words

This article consists of selected translations from captured interviews and dairies of Al Qaida members. The time period covered is from mid-2001 to early 2002 and concerns their operations in Afghanistan. The material clearly conveys a range of emotion, from confident to despondent, as well as efforts to contest the US actions. The first several pages give the reader context and some possible “lessons learned,” but the story(ies) are best told by the Al Qaida members themselves. All names are pseudonyms.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.