基于分组优化改进粒子群算法的无人机三维路径规划

针对粒子群算法在解决三维路径规划问题中遇到的过早成熟、陷入局部最优等问题,借鉴鸡群算法中的分组优化策略,对粒子群算法中的粒子进行分组处理,并在小组粒子更新时采取模拟退火操作,提高了粒子群算法的局部搜索能力,有效避免了陷入局部最优和早熟的现象。利用MATLAB进行实验仿真,验证了使用鸡群分组优化策略和模拟退火操作改进后的粒子群算法在解决无人机三维路径规划问题上的可行性和有效性,实验结果表明,改进后的算法具有更强的局部搜索能力且规划的航迹稳定性更好。     

多基地多目标无人机协同任务规划算法研究

在多基地多目标多无人飞行器(unmanned aerial vehicle,UAV)的协同任务规划这类约束条件众多、复杂且耦合的多目标优化与决策问题中,利用传统的粒子群优化算法在寻优时容易陷入局部最优,为此,提出了一种基于模拟退火的混合粒子群算法。基于攻打任务背景,综合考虑无人机的物理性能约束,搭建航迹长度最小适应度函数和威胁代价最小适应度函数以构造目标函数,先利用Voronoi图以及Dijkstra算法进行航迹规划,再利用基于模拟退火的混合粒子群算法进行任务分配。仿真结果表明:所提算法融合了模拟退火算法、粒子群优化算法的优点,能快速求解UAV任务规划的近似最优解,且与粒子群优化算法和模拟退火算法相比,在进化次数足够多的情况下该方法得到的结果更优。     

一种模拟退火伪并行遗传算法

借鉴模拟退火算法的局部搜索能力,结合并行计算的思想设计了一种采用模拟退火机制的实数编码自适应交叉、全概率变异伪并行遗传算法,最后用这种方法对典型的多峰值函数求极值,并和基本遗传算法进行比较,结果表明:该算法具有较强的全局搜索能力和局部搜索能力,能够更有效地克服早熟收敛问题。     

基于改进粒子群算法的多机协同目标分配

针对多机协同空战目标分配的问题,提出了一种改进的粒子群算法,设计了新的粒子群位置和速度更新过程。充分利用粒子群算法的全局搜索能力以及利用贪婪策略的局部最优搜索能力进行混合搜索,显著地提高了搜索能力。仿真结果表明,改进的粒子群算法能够快速解决多机协同作战的目标分配问题,能够找到逼近全局最优点的解。     

改进粒子群算法的舰载武器目标分配

针对舰载火力打击中的武器目标分配问题,设计了一种改善的混合粒子群优化算法来求解。对粒子更新速度的最大值进行线性递减,使得前期加强全局寻优能力,后阶段提高收敛能力;采用异步变化的学习因子,以及基于正切函数的惯性权重改进法来解决全局搜索能力与收敛精度之间的矛盾;引进了遗传算法中的杂交算子并采取模拟退火思想更新粒子,避免得到局部最优解。仿真结果显示,设计的算法能有效适宜地求解武器目标分配问题。     

基于混合离散粒子群算法的正交多相码设计

提出一种混合离散粒子群算法,并应用于正交相位编码波形设计.该算法以归一化自相关旁瓣峰值能量与互相关峰值能量的加权和为代价函数,将遗传算法、模拟退火算法思想引入离散粒子群算法,加入了粒子间信息交流策略和扰动策略,提高了算法的效率,增强了算法的全局搜索能力.仿真结果表明,提出的算法可行、高效.     

一种改进的粒子群优化算法

针对基本粒子群算法存在着收敛速度慢、效率低、易陷入局部最优等缺陷,为了更好地平衡全局和局部搜索能力,在粒子群算法中引入收缩因子,使算法中粒子不仅向种群最优的粒子进行学习,而且向种群中比自己优秀的所有粒子学习,增加了粒子的多样性。实验结果证明,与基本蚁群算法相比,改进的粒子群算法提高了收敛速度和效率,能一定程度地避免局部最优解的产生。     

基于空间约束的舰载机出库调度

舰载机在航母上的调度问题是制约舰载机出动和回收的重要因素,以往研究主要集中在飞行甲板调度方面。针对舰载机在航母上的出入库问题进行研究,着力解决舰载机在航母上二、三波次的出动能力。首先对舰载机出库的流程进行分析,梳理制约因素。其次,应用柔性流水车间调度理论对空间约束条件下的舰载机出库调度问题进行建模。再次,对智能粒子群算法应用于舰载机出库调度问题进行分析,对编码进行设计,并给出算法流程。最后,对出库流程进行仿真,计算出最优出库方案及时间,验证了模型的准确性。     

面向多平台多目标协同跟踪的指派问题

针对多平台多目标协同跟踪中要求多个无人地面平台尽可能均匀地协同跟踪多个目标的特点,提出了改进的离散粒子群优化算法。首先采用连续型粒子群优化算法中的速度和位置迭代公式,然后对粒子位置进行离散编码,使粒子编码对应于可行的指派方案;其次,在优化算法中引入局部搜索,提高算法寻优性能。最后将所提算法应用于多平台多目标协同跟踪中的指派问题,并与未加入局部搜索的粒子群优化算法比较,仿真结果表明,加入局部搜索后的离散粒子群优化算法具有较好的寻优性能。     

一种改进的量子粒子群算法

量子粒子群算法是将量子计算与粒子群算法相结合的一种新的优化方法。首先利用相位角进行实数编码，将动态量子旋转门引入到粒子群算法中，采用自适应变异，提出了一种改进的量子粒子群算法。然后运用Pe-nalized函数和Ackley函数测试了该算法的性能。最后将该算法应用到武器目标分配模型中，获得了最优的分配方案。仿真研究表明，该算法具有收敛速度快、搜索能力强和稳定性高的特点。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.