均衡聚类市场拍卖机制的异构无人机集群任务规划方法

针对大规模异构无人机集群的全局任务规划问题,提出一种基于均衡聚类市场拍卖机制的任务规划方法。对无人机群协同合作完成任务的场景进行分析,综合任务聚类和无人机联盟的优势,建立了通用性较高的任务规划模型。考虑到对无人机群负载均衡的需求,融合和改进了K-means聚类算法和市场拍卖机制,形成一种综合考虑路程消耗和任务消耗的均衡聚类市场拍卖算法。在拍卖过程中引入平衡参数,通过计算旅行商问题来修正平衡参数,保证无人机群在负载均衡的同时整体成本不断降低。仿真结果表明,使用均衡聚类市场拍卖机制的任务规划方法能够在较短时间内完成异构无人机群的复杂任务规划,保证无人机群负载均衡的同时,整体成本和总时间上也有较好表现,具有一定的实际应用价值。     

一种航天侦察任务的关联度分析与去冗余方法

针对航天侦察需求响应中可能存在的任务重复产生问题,综合考虑任务的需求来源、质量要求、时间偏好及空间范围,提出一种基于任务关联度的任务冗余分析方法。首先,对航天侦察的相关要素进行分析度量,给出了基于四类要素的任务关联度计算方法,然后提出了通过任务之间的关联度来降低可替代任务产生概率的具体算法,进一步考虑了准确优先、公平优先以及混合等不同情况下的冗余度计算方法,最后,给出一个应用示例,说明所述分析方法的有效性。研究结果表明,该方法具有良好通用性,可为航天侦察任务的预处理提供有效支持。     

航天侦察任务的关联度分析与去冗余方法

针对航天侦察需求响应中可能存在的任务重复产生问题,综合考虑任务的需求来源、质量要求、时间偏好及空间范围,提出一种基于任务关联度的任务冗余分析方法。对航天侦察的相关要素进行分析度量,给出了基于4类要素的任务关联度计算方法,提出了通过任务之间的关联度来降低可替代任务产生概率的具体算法,考虑了准确优先、公平优先以及混合等不同情况下的冗余度计算方法,给出一个应用示例,说明所述分析方法的有效性。研究结果表明,该方法具有良好的通用性,可为航天侦察任务的预处理提供有效支持。     

支持QoS的无线Mesh网络机会路由优化算法

针对空中骨干Mesh网络资源有限、计算能力相对不足的特点以及传统简单机会路由(Simple Opportunistic Adaptive Routing,SOAR)路由算法未充分考虑负载均衡与不同业务服务质量(Quality of Service,Qo S)保障需求差异性的问题,提出一种支持业务区分的改进型SOAR路由算法。该算法在考虑链路拥塞控制和负载均衡的基础上,定义综合预期传输次数来描述链路的综合状态,有效降低网络拥塞概率;同时根据传输业务类型的不同,设计一种基于层次分析法的路由选择策略,实现路径选择与业务类型的动态匹配。仿真结果表明,在重负载条件下,改进型SOAR路由算法相比传统SOAR路由算法其时延、吞吐量和吞吐率性能明显提升。当网络中存在不同类型业务时,改进型SOAR路由算法能够根据业务Qo S保障需求的差异性自适应选择最佳传输路径。     

一种卫星对地观测任务完成概率的估计模型

针对及时响应用户提出的观测需求、高效实施卫星任务规划调度的需要,提出快速估计卫星对地观测任务完成可能性的现实问题,利用Logistic回归方法建立了一种卫星对地观测任务完成概率的估计模型。首先分析影响侦察任务完成概率的相关因素,包括侦察任务自身属性、资源约束、任务之间竞争关系等;其次,从影响因素中提炼出刻画影响因素的模型变量,给出其量化方法,并初步构建了Logistic回归分析模型;第三,基于卫星成像侦察任务规划系统开展实验,获取自变量与规划结果方面的样本数据;最后,采用Logistic回归分析方法对样本数据进行分析,确定模型中的变量、参数及函数形式,结论表明,模型具有很好的统计特性。     

基于访问特征负载预测的负载均衡算法

为了提高web集群负载均衡的效果，结合web服务用户访问静动态内容的特征，提出了一种基于访问特征负载预测的负载均衡算法。首先建立网络带宽负载和CPU、内存综合性能负载的小波包一支持向量机回归混合预测模型；然后根据用户请求的类型，结合负载预测的结果对任务进行分配和调度。仿真结果表明：与传统的基于负载预测的负载均衡算法相比，基于访问特征负载预测的负载均衡算法能达到更好的负载均衡效果，从而有效提高web集群的整体性能。     

基于非对称balls-into-bins的高效平衡负载分配模型

在大规模数据中心和P2P覆盖网络等复杂网络负载平衡分配中,前人提出了多种多样的负载分配方法,但许多方法为了达到更好的平衡负载指标,追求越来越复杂的算法,使得时间复杂度和算法复杂度很难控制在合理的范围之内。本文在研究了经典balls-into-bins、Azar balls-into-bins和balls into non-uniformbins等模型的基础上,提出了一种新颖高效的非对称balls-into-bins平衡负载分配模型,该模型具有异构的balls、异构的bins,以及不同的bin选择概率,能以很高的概率将最大负载均衡地控制在合理的范围内,通信负载很小,且具有很好的可扩展性,通过拓展,该模型在负载平衡的诸多领域都将有广阔的应用空间。     

军事虚拟网络映射问题研究

将网络虚拟化技术与军事需求相结合,并针对军事虚拟网络映射问题展开研究。以底层网络的负载均衡和资源最小化为目标,同时考虑映射请求的优先级问题,提出了基于蝙蝠优化算法的虚拟网络映射算法OBA-VNE。算法通过将映射问题转化为二进制组合优化模型,利用蝙蝠优化算法寻求近似最优映射方案。仿真结果表明,算法相比经典方法获得了更好的性能。     

军用无线多信道负载均衡模块的设计与实现

伴随武器装备信息化建设的不断深入,以无线战术电台构建的"初级战术互联网"上传输的业务信息流越来越大,从而对信道带宽的需求也越来越高,无线信道吞吐量成为制约整个网络性能的瓶颈。针对这一问题,提出一种军用无线多信道负载均衡模块的方法,在组网控制设备上建立业务信息流库,统一信道调度机制,以及采用基于ETT算法计算信道质量,最终来实现在多信道环境下的业务负载均衡,详细给出了模块处理流程和实现过程。实践表明该模块对提高"初级战术互联网"吞吐量有一定作用。     

基于观察的武器装备作战需求议题及其形成方法

针对遂行任务时部队作战能力与执行任务的要求间存在的缺陷和差距,提出了基于观察的武器装备作战需求议题的概念,提出了形成议题的三维结构模型。给出了议题生成的基本程序、步骤和方法。为基于观察的武器装备作战需求论证提供理论和方法支撑。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.