NiCoFe-LDHs对甲基橙的吸附性能研究

选用NiCoFe-LDHs作为吸附剂,研究其对甲基橙的吸附性能。通过Weber-Morris内扩散模型,研究了吸附过程中甲基橙在NiCoFe-LDHs上的扩散,考察了溶液温度和pH值对吸附性能的影响,并探究了吸附过程的热力学变化。结果表明:NiCoFe-LDHs对甲基橙的吸附分为3个阶段:表面扩散、孔内扩散和粒子内扩散;吸附量随着温度的升高而增大,吸附反应为吸热反应,且为熵增过程;溶液pH值为5时吸附率最高,达到97.1%,吸附量达到825 mg/g。     

Fenton法对垃圾渗滤液生化活性影响研究

采用Fenton法对垃圾渗滤液进行氧化预处理,研究了垃圾渗滤液的初始pH、药剂投加量、药剂投加比例和反应时间对有机物去除效果和生化性能的影响,得到Fenton法提高垃圾渗滤液生化反应效率的最佳工艺条件为:初始pH=3.0,n(Fe~(2+))/n(H_2O_2)=1/4,H_2O_2投加量为8~9mL/L,反应时间1~2h,低速搅拌。经实验表明:采用最佳工艺处理垃圾渗滤液后,垃圾渗滤液COD为6 600mg/L,COD去除率达到60.8%,生物处理反应负荷降低;BOD5/COD值增大到了0.42,垃圾渗滤液的生化反应活性得以增强,为后续的生物处理提供了良好的反应条件。     

非晶态Ni-P合金化学镀镀液的稳定性研究

采用PdCl2溶液的稳定性试验方法,对非晶态Ni-P合金化学镀镀液(ZFHN防腐蚀镀液)的稳定性和试验条件进行了关系曲线测试及分析.规定和提出了其试验条件和最佳控制参数;试验镀液中PdCl2的最佳浓度是2.4 mg/L、可靠的pH值范围为4.0～5.0.温度、搅拌、PdCl2用量、镀液pH值是决定镀液稳定时间的重要试验条件和试验偏差大的主要因素.研究镀液的稳定性高、组分协同稳定性好,稳定试验时间大于3 min.     

环境因素对枝孢霉菌生长特性的影响

考察了温度、pH、Fe3+质量浓度等主要环境因素对喷气燃料中特征微生物——枝孢霉菌生长的影响,为喷气燃料中枝孢霉菌的防治提供科学指导。在500 nm波长处,测定了不同浓度枝孢霉菌菌液的OD值,得出其浓度与OD值线性相关,且相关性大于99%。经生长特性试验,表明枝孢霉菌在24~40℃生命力较强,在32℃生长最为旺盛,低温和高温枝孢霉菌几乎停滞生长,高温对真菌的抑制作用更加明显;p H为3~11,随着pH增大,生长速度先加快随后减慢,最适宜生长的p H为9;Fe3+质量浓度为0~200 mg/L,随着Fe3+质量浓度增大,枝孢霉菌生长趋于旺盛,即Fe3+能促进枝孢霉菌的生长。所以,监测和控制储罐中温度和pH,减少储罐和管道腐蚀,是预防和控制喷气燃料中枝孢霉菌污染的有效措施。     

苯酚降解菌的分离、鉴定及降解特性

以苯酚为唯一碳源进行选择性富集培养,从油污染土壤中筛选出2株菌,命名为Phe0901和Phe0902。在32℃、pH值为7.0、200r/min摇床振荡培养72h,用4-氨基安替比林分光光度法测定2菌株培养液中苯酚含量,结果表明2株菌均能彻底降解初始质量浓度为1000mg/L的苯酚培养液,即Phe0901和Phe0902为苯酚降解菌。经形态学观察、生理生化实验及16SrDNA基因序列比对分析,初步确定Phe0901为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)成员;Phe902为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)成员。在不同温度下用比浊法探讨降解菌株的生长情况,在不同pH值下用4-氨基安替比林分光光度法测定苯酚降解率,结果表明在32℃、pH值为7.0～7.8时适宜Phe0901的降解,Phe0901培养44h能彻底降解1000mg/L的苯酚;在32℃、pH值为7.0时适宜Phe0902的降解,Phe0902培养70h能彻底降解1000mg/L的苯酚。     

高pH条件纳米Fe_3O_4催化H_2O_2分解去除水中4-氯酚

为了克服非均相fenton催化反应中溶液初始pH过低的缺点,开展了pH=5时Fe3O4/H2O2体系催化氧化去除水中4-氯酚实验。试验结果表明:制备的铁氧化物为纯Fe3O4,具有反尖晶石八面体结构。纳米Fe3O4能够高效催化H2O2分解氧化水中的4-氯酚,反应180 min后4-氯酚的去除率达到96.8%。当催化剂投量小于2.0 g/L,4-氯酚的去除率随着催化剂投量的增加而升高;当催化剂投量大于2.0 g/L,去除率会随着投量的增加而降低。随着H2O2投量的增加,4-氯酚的去除率先升高后降低。溶液的初始pH对4-氯酚的去除影响较大,pH越低,去除速率和效率越高。重复使用5次以后,纳米Fe3O4仍然保持较高的催化活性。     

稻壳无氮气保护制备活性炭的研究

初步探讨了实验室以稻壳为原料，在没有氮气的保护下高温炉中生产活性炭的炭化与活化的实验条件，炭化温度为550℃、炭化时间为30min。选择了一种更适用于稻壳制备活性炭的活化剂ZnCl2，用量比m(ZnCl2)/m(C)为2：1，活化温度为700℃，活化时间2h。制备的活性炭的碘吸附值能达1230mg/g。该方法有较好的工业应用前景。     

微污染地表水的胞外聚合物复合絮凝剂强化混凝处理

采用胞外聚合物作为生物絮凝剂,开展胞外聚合物复合絮凝剂强化混凝处理微污染原水的研究.研究结果表明,蛋白质是胞外聚合物最主要的成分,多糖次之,腐殖酸和脱氧核糖核酸的含量最低;胞外聚合物含有大量带负电荷的官能团,单独投加胞外聚合物不能有效絮凝和吸附去除原水中的污染物.聚合氯化铝混凝处理微污染水的效果优于氯化铝和聚合硫酸铁,药品较优投加质量浓度为70~80 mg/L.胞外聚合物和聚合氯化铝复合使用能提高对细小颗粒物的去除效果,增强去除有机污染物和氯化消毒副产物前驱体的能力,降低聚合氯化铝的质量浓度.胞外聚合物复合絮凝剂的较优配方:胞外聚合物质量浓度为5 mg/L,聚合氯化铝质量浓度为60 mg/L.     

新型保暖材料微细丙纶熔喷棉的抗静电改性研究

为了改变新型保暖材料丙纶(PP)熔喷棉的抗静电性能,本实验以新型保暖材料熔喷棉为基材、KMnO_4/H_2SO_4为引发体系、丙烯酰胺(AAm)为单体,研究 KMnO_4浓度、H_2SO_4 浓度、AAm 浓度、反应温度、反应时间对该接枝共聚反应的影响变化规律;并对接枝产物的结构及润湿性能进行了分析。结果表明:接枝物的吸湿性明显改善,并且在本实验条件下,当 KMnO_4 浓度为1.6g/L、H_2SO_4用量为20ml/L、AAm 浓度为3%、反应温度为50℃、反应时间为3h 以及甲苯用量为18ml/L 时,接枝改性效果最佳。     

酸性溶液中聚丙烯微细熔喷棉吸湿性能改性优化条件及反应机理研究

论文在聚丙烯微细熔喷棉为基材的改性实验中，以丙烯酰胺为单体，通过正交实验L16（4^5（选取KMnO4浓度、H2SO4浓度、顸处理温度、丙烯酰胺浓度、接枝反应温度五种影响因素并各选四水平），研究在酸性溶液（KMnO4／H2SO4）中，聚丙烯微细熔喷棉吸湿性能改性优化条件及其反应机理。结果表明：改性后试样的吸湿性能明显改善；优化条件为：D3=0.4mol/L、C2=50℃、B1=0.25mol/L、E3=55℃、A4=1.4×10^-2mol/L。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

SIM—LISP:一个通信网络管理专家系统外壳的设计与实现

本文介绍了笔者为开发名为OONMES的网络管理专家系统所实现的一个简单专家系统工具SIM-LISP。SIM-LISP是一个用C/C++语言来实现的模拟LISP语言的可调用函数集,它短小精巧,速度快,可以完成针对网管专家系统的事实或规则知识的表示、匹配、合一和推理等基本操作,并有与知识对象的连接功能,是网管专家系统内核实现的支撑环境。     

Al Qaida on the US invasion of Afghanistan in their own words

This article consists of selected translations from captured interviews and dairies of Al Qaida members. The time period covered is from mid-2001 to early 2002 and concerns their operations in Afghanistan. The material clearly conveys a range of emotion, from confident to despondent, as well as efforts to contest the US actions. The first several pages give the reader context and some possible “lessons learned,” but the story(ies) are best told by the Al Qaida members themselves. All names are pseudonyms.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.