多分辨率建模在战役推演仿真系统中的应用

战役推演仿真系统中存在大量分布在不同层次上的实体,为了使这些实体高效运行,同时保证相关信息能正确交互,研究了几种典型的多分辨率建模方法,并在分析战役推演仿真系统结构的基础上提出了一种面向多分辨率建模的仿真模块体系结构,建立了层次关系表、运行实体关系表、参数映射类和聚合解聚触发事件列表来保证多分辨率模型之间运行数据的一致性,同时避免链式解聚的问题.通过实验,按该体系结构建立的仿真系统能正确运行多分辨率模型,该框架为建立基于多分辨率建模的仿真系统提供了一定的技术支撑.     

装备保障仿真军事规则探讨

军事规则体系是军事概念模型的核心内容之一,它明确描述了主要实体间的关系,把实体的军事行为依据从定性的原则具体化为定量的规则,使军事概念模型的开发过程得以独立于特定的可执行系统。针对装备保障仿真系统开发对装备保障仿真军事规则体系建立的需求,在定义装备保障仿真军事规则概念的基础上,就装备保障仿真军事规则体系的构建原则进行了分析,提出了建立装备保障仿真军事规则体系的基本方法,并给出一个简单的示例。     

基于网关的LVC互操作研究

仿真体系结构解决了各自领域内仿真资源的互操作问题,而体系结构间的互操作是解决多种仿真资源互操作的有效方法.由于通信协议、中间件和对象模型的不同,体系结构间不能直接进行信息交互.对象模型间的相同点是异构仿真系统间互操作的基础.建立异构系统对象模型与通用数据交换模型的映射关系,通过模型转换实现各异构系统间的数据交互,最后通过"点对点"和通用网关间的时延比较,总结了通用网关的性能特点.     

水下武器仿真系统的可组合性

针对水下武器对抗仿真系统(Underwater Weapon Confrontation Simulation System,UWCSS)的特点,分析了UWCSS的层次,提出了针对水下武器对抗仿真系统可组合的形式化方法。系统研究了仿真实体及其属性、实体关系、实体的内行为、实体之间的交互以及仿真过程的形式化描述问题,为水下武器对抗仿真系统的组合性开发提供了理论支撑。     

基于随机Petri网的装备抢救抢修保障模型

通过建立一个基本的装备抢救抢修Petri网模型,把Petri网建模思想引入战时装备抢救抢修保障模型中,将实际系统中的实体和活动映射为模型系统中的库所和变迁,将装备抢救抢修保障排队论模型用随机Petri网进行描述。构建了一个完整的装甲团装备抢救抢修随机Petri网模型,利用软件包SPNP6.0对其进行模拟运行,通过对模型仿真数据的分析为装备保障的方案制定提供决策依据。     

装备保障方案仿真评估研究

针对目前装备保障方案评估科学性不高的问题,提出了基于仿真的装备保障方案评估思路,即采用仿真实验的方法,在作战行动仿真的牵引下,通过对装备保障行动过程的大样本仿真,依据仿真数据及评估指标体系对装备保障方案进行评估。分析了装备保障方案仿真评估方法的优势,给出了仿真评估基本流程及主要工作,梳理了仿真评估过程中需要解决的重点问题。重点探讨了仿真过程中损消耗生成采用的主要方法,基于实体的装备保障行动规则的制定过程,评估指标体系构建过程中评估指标和指标计算方法的确定思路。     

作战仿真中指挥控制建模初探

指挥控制建模是作战仿真中的核心部分,可以有效减少大规模作战仿真应用中实际参与的兵力和装备,减少人为因素对仿真结果的影响.借鉴复杂系统的建模思路,提出了指挥控制建模的基本思想,即通过指挥实体以及实体之间的交互来表示指挥控制的整体行为.基于该思想,提出指挥控制建模方法EOI,EOI方法建立的仿真模型包括3部分:一是具有决策能力和信息处理能力的指挥实体模型,二是指挥控制组织模型,三是交互模型.并分别对3个模型进行了初步的探讨,给出了模型在作战仿真中的实现方法.     

基于Simulink的电子装备机理模型实现方法

介绍了电子武器装备模拟训练器开发中,基于装备信号流程建立机理模型的思想.设计了利用MATLAB/Simulink建立机理模型的方案.针对建模方法,多分辨率建模,装备故障模型,模型时间与仿真时间同步推进,Simulink与Windows的数据动态交互等问题进行了讨论.     

BOM技术在复杂电路虚拟维修系统中的应用

给出了电路虚拟维修的定义，在复杂电路虚拟维修系统结构的基础上提出了建模需求，并给出了计算模型和交互模型的定义。以形式化的方法定义了BOM（Base Object Model）概念模型，通过分析电路仿真的特点，确定了电路BOM概念模型中的实体类型、事件类型和交互模式；特别是采用了“将实体类型区分电子元件类型和电信号类型，分别以客观属性和仿真语言描述的方法进行定义”的原则，既满足了仿真效果，又简化了建模复杂性。通过建立某型装备的复杂电路虚拟维修训练系统，验证了基于BOM的交互模型的有效性和实用性。     

联合战役推演系统中岸舰导弹兵力仿真模型设计

在分析了战役级推演系统的特点和要求的基础上,探讨了岸舰导弹兵力、装备仿真模型的设计思路,分析了实体模型的构建方法,对仿真模型设计中的不同仿真实体对仿真时间步长需求不一致问题、仿真模型粒度与推演速度匹配问题、＂人在回路＂装备的应用仿真与＂人不在回路＂的推演模式之间的矛盾等几个关键问题进行了研究。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.