多目标攻击导弹捷联惯导的传递对准

在分析中距复合制导空空导弹捷联惯导传递对准的基础上,提出由机载火控系统根据导弹发射包线计算发出开始捷联惯导传递对准精对准的时刻,导弹惯导提前进行传递精对准的方法。利用此方法可以解决机载武器系统多目标攻击空空导弹传递对准满足连续发射多枚导弹实时性要求的问题。最后,在单目标情况下就开始传递对准时刻包线给出了算例。     

精确制导火箭弹传递对准研究

以常规火箭弹制导化改造过程中弹载捷联惯导的初始对准为背景,研究了利用发射车车载高精度定位定向系统作为主惯导,对火箭弹捷联惯导进行传递对准的速度加姿态匹配方案,介绍了在三轴转台上进行实验验证的方法、过程和结果。实验结果表明,该方案对准精度高、对准时间短、对准机动要求简单,可以有效完成制导火箭弹捷联惯导的初始对准。     

组合导航中SAR匹配位置参数传递过程

飞行器INS/SAR组合导航中SAR匹配位置参数作为组合滤波器的输入之前需经过多个传递环节的转换.研究了从地面SAR匹配位置到载体主惯导中心位置所涉及各环节间的相互关系及诸参数在各环节中的传递过程,包括地面SAR匹配位置参数向飞行器上SAR相位中心的传递,SAR相位中心参数向辅助惯导中心的传递以及辅助惯导中心位置参数向主惯导位置中心的传递,以此为基础建立测量参数传递过程数学模型.基于传递模型惯导修正及传递误差分析实验结果与实际相符,验证了参数传递模型的正确性与可行性.     

自适应算法在捷联惯导初始对准中的应用

针对传统的卡尔曼滤波在捷联惯导初始对准中由于系统噪声和量测嗓声方差阵未知时,滤波的精度和快速性不能达到要求,甚至导致发散的问题.提出了一种改进的sage-Husa自适应滤波新算法,建立了捷联惯导系统初始对准误差模型,并在对捷联惯导系统误差模型进行简化的基础上,利用所设计的算法进行了仿真研究.仿真结果表明,改进的滤波算法使对准过程所需时间大大缩短,具有跟踪能力强、稳定性好和精确性高等特点,验证了该方法的有效性和正确性.     

垂线偏差对捷联惯导姿态对准的影响和补偿

为研究垂线偏差对静基座捷联惯导精对准的影响,建立了考虑垂线偏差的捷联惯导误差方程,将重力扰动项分为引起比力测量偏差的部分g■和用于重力模型修正的部分δg~n,提出等效零偏■;基于考虑垂线偏差的静基座下Kalman滤波对准模型推导了姿态的极限对准精度,并给出提高水平姿态对准精度的最优垂线偏差补偿的表达式。仿真结果表明:垂线偏差主要影响惯导系统初始对准的姿态精度,尤其是水平姿态精度;但对捷联惯导系统进行垂线偏差补偿并不一定能提高姿态对准的极限精度,要根据垂线偏差的大小、方向具体分析;当按照最优垂线偏差补偿公式进行补偿时,能够最大程度地提高水平姿态对准精度。仿真结果与理论分析一致。     

捷联惯组与炮管之间安装误差角的标定方法

为了保证捷联惯导系统能够正确给出炮管高低角和方位角,必须对捷联惯组和炮管之间的安装误差角进行标定.介绍了利用经纬仪进行安装误差角标定的原理和方法,还提出另外两种计算安装误差角方法,包括利用欧拉角微分方程进行近似积分方法和利用主惯导与子惯导间的传递对准方法.经对比上述三种方法是等效的,其共同特点是炮管必须作高低角运动,并且要求在运动前后横滚角变化很小.最后,通过调炮试验验证了标定方法的可行性.     

AR模型在陀螺仪性能故障诊断中的应用研究

对惯导系统上的陀螺仪在无故障和故障下输出的信号进行分析 ,计算出信号的特征量———均值、标准差、协方差 ,并用现代谱分析技术中参数模型功率谱分析的方法 ,建立信号的AR模型、绘出AR模型的功率谱图 ,对陀螺仪输出信号的变化进行了比较和分析 ,从而找出一种作为判断陀螺仪性能故障的依据     

车载激光捷联惯导系统的快速初始对准方法

首先建立了捷联惯导系统的误差模型,并对系统的误差模型进行了可观测性分析,然后针对车载激光捷联惯导系统的特点,采用卡尔曼滤波方法,对姿态误差角进行了估计,给出了方差仿真曲线.通过计算机仿真结果的分析,提出了一种快速估计方位失准角的方法,从而大大缩短了初始对准时间.仿真结果表明将该方法应用于车载激光捷联惯导系统初始对准中是有效的.     

舰载捷联惯导动基座 F-QUEST 初始对准方法

针对目前基于惯性系的捷联惯导动基座对准方法信息利用率不高及矢量观测选取不确定性导致对准精度下降的问题,提出了一种新的舰载捷联惯导动基座滤波四元数估计（filter quaternion estimation,F-QUEST）对准方法。构建了捷联惯导动基座初始对准模型,并利用姿态矩阵链式法则将惯导初始对准转化为姿态确定问题,进而采用 F-QUEST 算法求取姿态矩阵以实现捷联惯导动基座对准。车载试验结果表明：相比传统方法,新方法具有更高的对准精度和更快的收敛速度,水平姿态角误差只需3 s 即可收敛到0．01°。     

舰船武器甲板位置点杆臂参数的测定

舰载武器发射或舰载武器惯导系统对准需要舰载惯导系统MINS的信息辅助,不同的安装位置使得它们之间存在较大的杆臂效应,在对杆臂效应补偿中需要三维杆臂尺寸参数,由于加工误差、安装误差及船体变形,使武器战位的实际杆臂参数偏离图纸计算值.通常舰载惯导舱室与甲板武器战位之间不能通视直接测量难度大.为提高杆臂效应补偿精度,提出了基于舰载惯导MINS及差分GPS辅助的测量方案.通过速度信息观测采用马尔科夫递推滤波器估计杆臂参数,仿真结果表明通过10min的测量可达到0.1m估计精度量级.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.