基于小波去噪半参数回归模型的卫星轨道测量数据预处理方法

由于卫星轨道测量数据中含有非线性误差,使用传统的最小二乘多项式拟合方法对其进行预处理必然会降低定轨精度.在半参数回归模型的基础上,应用小波阈值去噪算法估计并消除观测数据中存在的非线性误差,提出了基于小波去噪半参数回归模型的卫星轨道测量数据预处理方法,以提高数据预处理的精度.对某卫星USB跟踪数据应用该方法进行了仿真,仿真结果表明:该方法可以分离出观测数据中的白噪声和非线性误差,从而可以在观测数据中消除非线性误差的影响,提高数据预处理的精度.     

色噪声环境下MIMO雷达相干目标角度估计算法

针对色噪声环境下的MIMO雷达相干目标角度估计问题,提出一种基于目标信息矢量重构的角度估计算法.算法对MIMO雷达的接收数据进行了低复杂度改进,通过计算四阶累积量,得到一组矢量并证明该矢量包含所有目标的角度信息,通过重构Toeplitz矩阵,结合MUSIC算法实现了色噪声环境下MIMO雷达相干目标的角度估计.算法保留了MIMO雷达的阵元扩展能力和目标分辨力,具有自动抑制加性高斯白噪声和色噪声的能力,实现了相干目标的有效估计,更利于在实际中应用.最后计算机仿真结果证实了算法的有效性和可行性.     

自适应两步滤波算法在机载IRSTS被动定位中的应用

在机载红外搜索跟踪系统被动定位研究中,针对扩展卡尔曼滤波算法要求先验的噪声统计及存在系统观测模型线性化误差影响滤波精度的特点,利用两步滤波算法并结合Sage-Husa噪声估计器构建了适用于机载IRSTS被动定位特点的自适应两步滤波算法模型,算法不仅实时在线地估计了观测噪声的统计特性,而且避免了观测模型线性化误差.仿真结果表明,在完全相同的初始条件下,自适应两步滤波算法对目标运动参数的估计结果明显优于扩展卡尔曼滤波,从而提高了机载IRSTS被动定位的精度.     

基于遗传算法的导弹结构模态参数识别

系统地研究了基于遗传算法的线性结构系统模态参数识别方法.遗传算法对广义动力学系统的辨识已经得到了充分研究,但在结构系统参数辨识方面的研究还不多,使用浮点数编码方案,利用频响函数数据,给出了结构系统模态参数识别步骤.由于遗传算法的全局寻优特性,该算法具有极强的抗噪声能力,即使对噪声严重污染的数据依然能够很好的辨识出待辨识的参数.通过一个两自由度的弹簧质量块系统进行了仿真分析,最后将方法用于一个实际的导弹结构的实验数据分析.     

目标自动跟踪参数辨识模型的工程化动态辨识

为解决机动目标参数辨识模型工程应用问题,采用扩张状态观测器等先进的非线性滤波算法,从实测的含有观测噪声的目标位置数据的序列中,直接估计出机动目标运动的一阶、二阶、三阶导数,并结合目标运动模型辨识的理论算法,在工程应用上首次实现了机动目标运动模态和运动模型的双重动态辨识,完成了目标模型动态辨识的工程化设计.     

一种快速辨识ARMA信号模型参数的方法

本文给出了一种对ARMA信号模型参数进行自适应滤波快速辨识的方法。首先提出将MA模型匹配ARMA模型的理论误差转化为输出端的加性噪声．然后提出了一种新的变步长LMS算法。基于以上两点，本文使用自适应滤波器,通过拟合模型传递函数来辨识模型参数。数值仿真结果及其与IIR SHARF算法的比较证明本文的理论分析。     

基于FOCUSS改进算法的DOA估计方法

传统的DOA估计方法不能有效分辨相干源目标;稀疏重构方法能够处理相干源的DOA估计问题,但现有稀疏重构方法大都是针对无噪声或仅存在观测噪声系统提出的,估计性能有待提高。对于同时存在观测噪声和模型噪声的多观测量模型,提出了一种基于FOCUSS稀疏重构的改进算法,可鲁棒地处理相干源、非相干源的DOA估计问题,有效提高分辨力和估计精度等估计性能。给出了DOA估计的稀疏信号模型以及新算法的推导过程,仿真实验证明了新算法在与其他算法对比时的优越性。     

双基阵纯方位TMA的一种自适应算法仿真

为了改善普通卡尔曼滤波算法在观测噪声统计特性未知情形下处理双基阵纯方位TMA问题时的滤波性能,提出了一种在线估计观测噪声统计特性的自适应卡尔曼滤波算法,计算机仿真结果表明,该算法能够在线估计观测噪声统计特性,使Kalman滤波器始终处于稳定状态,并精确地估计目标的运动参数,同时指出了自适应算法的初值选取对滤波收敛速度的重要影响,当滤波初值选取恰当时会明显加快滤波收敛过程.     

基于特征值线性拟合误差的信源数估计方法

基于信息论的MDL准则信源数估计方法在均匀高斯白噪声背景下具有良好的估计性能。若阵元间存在幅相不一致性时白噪声变成非均匀色噪声,此时算法性能将急剧下降。针对该问题,提出了基于数据协方差矩阵特征值总体最小二乘线性拟合误差的信源估计方法。该方法根据特征值线性拟合误差与拟合点数为单调不增关系,并结合MDL准则的惩罚因子构造判断函数实现信源数估计。仿真结果表明:该方法在非均匀色噪声背景下能够实现信源数一致估计;且在低信噪比、短快拍时仍然具有良好的估计性能。     

随机控制系统大纯时滞辨识及结构辨识的偏差补偿算法

本文研究了已知噪声自相关函数时,线性SISO系统ARMAX模型的大纯时滞的辨识问题及结构与参数辨识的偏差补偿算法。本算法使得能够在很小的样本数及极低的信噪比下得到系统的结构参数。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.