一种基于DSP的压缩语音录放系统的设计与实现

本文介绍了一种采用多带激励语音压缩方法实现的数字语音录放系统。     

噪声环境下的汉语语音识别技术

本文讨论了噪声环境下的汉语语音识别技术,从语音识别的一般方法出发,主要介绍了系统原理和用DSP构建实现的方法。     

语音识别技术在射击指挥模拟训练中的应用

介绍了分队射击指挥模拟训练系统的概念,分析了模拟训练中语音通信机制.将语音识别系统引入模拟训练系统中,并就应用中存在的问题进行了探讨,提出了解决方法.     

无线语音寻呼系统管理软件的设计与实现

本文从无线语音寻呼系统的组成与软件运行环境、用户需求分析、总体模块设计、子模块算法设计、软件测试和软件扩展设想等多方面,讨论和介绍了我们设计与实现单控制台无线语音寻呼系统管理软件的思路与方法.     

语音识别技术综述

本文综述了语音识别领域里的主要技术。首先,系统地介绍了孤立词识别系统中的算法和技术。然后,简要介绍了连续语音识别系统中的主要处理方法。最后,说明了语音理解系统中的特殊问题。     

基于OFDM技术的水声语音通信系统设计与实现

为了克服水声信道具有的有效通信带宽及其时变、空变等特性,采用了能够有效抗频率选择性衰减、抗多径干扰以及具有很高频谱利用率的正交频分复用技术；使用AMBE-2000芯片对语音编码进行压缩,设计了适用于水声信道环境下的实时语音通信系统,并对系统的主要硬件电路和软件设计进行了分析；对语音信号作了插入舒适噪声、回波消除、音量控制等处理；最后,进行了系统联调和水池试验,结果显示:该语音通信系统通话清晰,证明了该系统的有效性和实用性.     

用于指挥控制的语音实时识别系统探讨

信息科学的发展对指挥控制的技术提出更高的要求,语音识别将是车载、机载、舰载综合电子设备中一项不可缺少的内容。但海、陆、空等指挥控制环境中高噪声的存在及其导致的话者语音变化,为语音识别系统的可靠应用带来了困难,要解决这个问题,就必须研制具有抗噪声能力的语音识别系统。本文基于语音识别的基本原理,通过对噪声特性及其对语音识别影响的分析,从提高系统的鲁棒性入手,探讨了抗噪声语音实时识别系统     

自适应抵消与谱相减结合的单通道语音消噪算法

飞机、坦克和船舶等封闭座舱内部产生的强机械噪声严重地影响了语音通信系统,为此,提出了自适应噪声抵消与谱相减结合的单通道语音消噪算法,其基本原理是:先进行基于相关检测的自适应消噪处理,其后采用谱相减算法消除残留噪声。仿真结果表明:该算法对引擎噪声的消噪效果明显,并能有效地保持语音清晰度,可应用于机械噪声很强的语音通信系统。     

无线通信中语音降噪技术的实现

本文基于语音增强技术研究工作．根据无线语音通信中噪声干扰的特点．对不同噪声采取不同的降噪对策,使用单端、被动降噪模式,在不改变原有通信系统工作模式情况下,实现了无线语音通信的降噪功能。     

语音总体效能的计算机客观评价方法研究

多媒体界面中的语音评价问题尚处于研究阶段。本文探讨了语音评价的基本方法，重点对语音的客观评价方法进行研究，提出了一种应用语音分析技术进行语音总体效能客观评价的计算机处理方法。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.