Long-rod penetration: the transition zone between rigid and hydrodynamic penetration modes

Long-rod penetration in a wide range of velocity means that the initial impact velocity varies in a range from tens of meters per second to several kilometers per second. The long rods maintain rigid state when the impact velocity is low, the nose of rod deforms and even is blunted when the velocity gets higher, and the nose erodes and fails to lead to the consumption of long projectile when the velocity is very high due to instantaneous high pressure. That is, from low velocity to high velocity, the projectile undergoes rigid rods, deforming non-erosive rods, and erosive rods. Because of the complicated changes of the projectile, no well-established theoretical model and numerical simulation have been used to study the transition zone. Based on the analysis of penetration behavior in the transition zone, a phenomenological model to describe target resistance and a formula to calculate penetration depth in transition zone are proposed, and a method to obtain the boundary velocity of transition zone is determined. A combined theoretical analysis model for three response regions is built by analyzing the characteristics in these regions. The penetration depth predicted by this combined model is in good agreement with experimental result.     

A three-stage model for the perforation of finite metallic plates by long rods at high velocities

A three-stage theoretical model is presented herein to predict the perforation of a thick metallic plate struck normally by a long rod at high velocities. The model is suggested on the basis of the assumption that the perforation of a thick metallic plate by a long rod can be divided into three stages: (1) initial penetration; (2) plug formation and (3) plug slipping and separation. Various analytical equations are derived which can be employed to predict the ballistic limit, residual velocity and residual length of the long rod. It is demonstrated that the present model predictions are in good agreement with available experimental results for the perforation of finite steel targets struck normally by steel as well as tungsten alloy long rods at high velocities. It is also demonstrated that the dynamic maximum shear stress of a plate material has strong effect on plug formation and plug thickness which, in turn, exerts considerable influence on the residual velocities and lengths of a long rod at impact velocities just above the ballistic limit.     

挠性航天器姿态机动的主动振动控制

研究了挠性航天器姿态机动过程中挠性附件的主动振动控制问题.针对刚性主体上带有挠性梁的航天器,在建立挠性系统动力学模型的基础上,采用滑模变结构控制策略进行挠性航天器的大角度机动控制,为了快速抑制由于刚体运动而激发的弹性振动,在挠性梁上配置压电致动器,并通过速度反馈设计压电致动器的控制律.仿真结果表明,此方法在实现了旋转机动的同时,有效抑制了弹性振动.     

电传操纵系统可靠性分析及飞行安全评估

分析了电传操纵系统可靠性,介绍了可靠性设计的工程方法.建立了飞行员排除故障的数学模型,提出了确定驾驶员排除飞行危险的条件概率的两种方法;在研究人-机闭环系统基础之上,建立了基于马尔可夫链的飞行安全评估模型,提出了由于飞行控制系统故障引起飞行危险的安全评估计算方法.最后以横向通道传感器故障为例对某型飞机进行安全评估.     

舰船尾部振动分析整船混合有限元模型的集成方法研究

对舰船尾部振动分析中整船混合有限元模型的集成方法进行了研究．通过对现有的几种集成方法进行分析、比较,提出了一个较为简便、易于操作的集成方法,并用于对某型舰尾部振动的实例分析中,得出了满意的结果．本文结论可推广到采用整船混合有限元离散模型对舰船总体振动和局部振动的分析计算中．     

大型飞行器制导与姿态控制联合仿真建模研究

针对固体火箭发动机、机动发射的大型飞行器的特点 ,提出了建立大姿态情况下全量、全干扰、非线性、时变的制导与姿态控制联合仿真数学模型的一般方法。以某型号固体发动机、机动发射的飞行器为背景 ,在综合考虑了控制系统动态特性和飞行器质心运动、绕质心运动、变质量特性、弹性振动特性、风干扰等因素的情况下 ,建立了飞行器的联合仿真数学模型。进而在面向对象仿真环境下 ,建立了直观、形象、易理想、易扩充的面向对象的飞行器联合仿真模型。仿真结果表明所建联合仿真模型是正确和有效的     

避雷针保护范围的图形仿真与图解法分析

针对避雷针设计过程中计算公式过于复杂的问题,提出了利用平面几何作图求解避雷针联合保护范围的方法,给出了单支、双支和四支避雷针保护范围的作图解题步骤,并利用计算机图形仿真,给出了避雷针保护范围的空间结构图形。     

冲床连杆瓦隔振有限元分析及降噪实验研究

在冲床连杆瓦背部设置弹性元件,可以显著地降低作用于床身的动载荷,阻止振动向床身传递.为了解隔振对床身动态特性的影响,预测其隔振效果,现运用有限元方法,利用SAP91软件对隔振前后的床身一隔振器系统的模态及动力响应进行分析比较,并对阻尼处理后的连杆瓦减振降噪效果进行了实验研究.     

复合材料组合梁的分布参数传递函数法分析模型

应用分布参数传递函数法分析了复合材料组合梁在轴压载荷作用下的振动与稳定性问题。通过引入对偶变量，利用Ｌｅｇｒｅｎｄｒｅ 变换和Ｌａｐｌａｃｅ 变换，建立了可进入Ｈａｍ ｉｌｔｏｎ 体系的混合能量变分原理，并推导出了结构在复频域内的状态空间控制方程， 从而得到了任意边界条件下组合梁振动与稳定性问题的传递函数精确解。分析了一阶和高阶横向剪切变形、转动惯量、细长比、材料各向异性等多种因素对组合梁固有频率和屈曲载荷的影响。文中最后给出了数值算例， 验证了本方法的有效性和适应性。     

1D study of the detonation phenomenon and its influence on the interior ballistics of the combustion light gas gun

One-dimensional simulations with a detailed hydrogen-oxygen reaction mechanism have been performed to investigate detonation phenomenon in a combustion light gas gun (CLGG). Convection fluxes of the Navier-Stokes equations are solved using the WAF (weighted average flux) scheme HLLC Riemann solver. A high resolution fifth-order WENO scheme for the variable extrapolation at the volume interface and a fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme for the time advancement are used. Validation tests of the stoichiometric hydrogen-oxygen deflagration to detonation transition process shows good agreement between the computed results and the analytical and documented solutions, demonstrating the reliability on the detonation simulation of the current scheme. Simulation results of the interior ballistic process of the CLGG show that the flame propagation experiences three distinct stages. The blast detonation wave causes a high-pressure shock and hazardous oscillations in the chamber and makes the projectile accelerate with fluctuations, but has only a small improvement to the muzzle velocity.     

直升机工作特性建模与飞行性能仿真

以涡轮轴发动机工作特性建模为中心,对某系列直升机飞行性能进行仿真研究,力争实现对直升机实施"基于状态的维修"。讨论了直升机飞行性能和涡轮轴发动机特性的表述方法,建立了涡轮轴发动机的数学模型,并讨论了其解法与应用。基于发动机台架性能仿真程序对该模型进行简化,得到涡轮轴发动机工作过程的热力学模型。对发动机性能进行计算完成飞行性能仿真,应用结果表明该方法是可信、高效的。     

带裂缝钢筋混凝土梁振动特性变刚度模型分析

按常规等刚度、匀质线性材料来考虑开裂后的钢筋混凝土梁，必然带来较大的误差，与实际情况存在较大差距。基于条带法提出了建立带裂缝钢筋混凝土梁的变刚度模型分析方法，对考虑开裂和材料非线性的钢筋混凝土简支梁的振动特性进行了理论计算和试验研究。结果表明：提出的方法从理论上可以得到既有钢筋混凝土简支梁的振动特性、裂缝开展情况等参数，理论计算结果与试验结果吻合较好，且精度较高，具有良好的可行性和工程适用性。     

不同介质中声辐射相似性

研究不同介质中声学相似条件,可为空气噪声实验数据推算相应条件水下辐射噪声,替代复杂水下实验提供依据。因此,首先运用了因次分析法对任意不同介质中的声辐射相似性进行了分析;然后,采用结构有限元耦合流体边界元理论,利用NASTRAN计算模型表面流固耦合振动;最后,通过FORTRAN边界元程序计算辐射声场;以加肋圆柱壳为对象在水和空气两种典型介质中进行了数值模拟验证。理论推导与数值计算的结果一致性表明:不同介质中两个几何相似、表面振动相似的系统间结构表面振幅与该系统几何尺度成正比、表面振动波波长与该系统传声介质中声波波长成正比时,两个模型的无量纲声压相等。     

弹载高冲击一体化子母弹子弹飞行姿态测量系统

为了测试获取子母弹爆炸抛撒后的子弹飞行姿态,采用基于M EM S惯性测量组合与动态存储测试技术相结合的方法来测试子母弹子弹的飞行姿态,对系统的组成、工作原理和主要关键技术的实现途径进行了详细的介绍。系统以M EM S三维角速度和三维加速度的惯性测量组合为姿态敏感元件,一体化的子母弹子弹飞行姿态测量记录器主要由FLA SH存储器、FPGA为中心控制器及多通道高速12位模数转换器等组成。记录器具有多通道、低功耗、体积小、大容量、高精度及嵌入子弹内部随子弹飞行测量等优点。系统试验结果表明:该系统能够准确获取子弹从抛撒到中靶的整个过程的姿态数据。     

基于Matlab的避雷针保护范围可视化研究

为科学直观地开展油库防雷安全设计,采用Matlab语言对避雷针保护范围进行了三维立体模拟和可视化研究。利用Matlab图形用户界面（GUI）模块编译出单支避雷针、双支避雷针等避雷针保护范围可视化交互式程序界面,并将此程序实际应用于重庆601油库移动式避雷装置的综合防雷方案设计。结果表明：该可视化方法可以科学直观地显示出被保护物是否在避雷针的保护范围之内,为油库防雷设计、油库安全管理等工作提供了新思路。     

基于微分求积法的高超声速机翼蒙皮颤振研究

机翼蒙皮在高超声速气流中会发生颤振等气动弹性问题,破坏结构.引入微分求积方法,可以有效地分析机翼蒙皮的颤振问题.将机翼蒙皮等效成薄板,基于一阶活塞理论,根据克希霍夫假设及弹性理论建立蒙皮的气动弹性偏微分方程,采用微分求积法将偏微分方程离散为常微分方程,并根据频率重合理论对颤振问题进行求解.得到的颤振速度与有限元方法计算结果进行比较,误差为0 58％,验证了微分求积法在求解颤振偏微分方程时的有效性.分析了蒙皮面积、厚度、纵横比等不同参数对蒙皮颤振速度的影响.结果表明,颤振速度随蒙皮面积的增大而减小,随纵横比、厚度的增大而增大.     

高重合度人字齿轮传动动态性能优化设计

对人字齿轮传动进行高重合度设计的分析,基于人字齿轮副承载接触分析技术,针对人字齿轮传动中主动小齿轮轴向浮动安装的特点,综合考虑齿轮时变啮合刚度、啮合冲击激励及误差激励等因素的影响,采用集中质量法建立了考虑修形的人字齿轮副弯-扭-轴耦合非线性振动模型,推导了系统无量纲运动微分方程,求解得到齿轮传动系统的振动加速度。以齿轮的振动加速度均方根值为优化的目标函数,针对该类复杂实际工程优化设计中适应值计算费时的缺点,提出了一种改进的具有适应值预测机制的遗传算法,优化得到了人字齿轮的基本设计参数及修形参数,提高了计算效率,通过实例分析验证了该优化方法的有效性。对加工的人字齿轮在减振降噪试验台上进行带载试验,对比优化前后的噪音分贝值,进一步验证了该优化方法对齿轮副减振降噪具有一定作用。     

曲面地表对远程火箭弹弹道影响的计算方法

远程火箭弹飞行时间长、射程远,必须考虑地球曲面地表对弹道的影响。分析了椭球地表模型下重力加速度的算法以及远程火箭弹射程的确定方法,根据远程火箭弹动力学模型,设计了一种以落点为原点的落点坐标系弹道仿真方法,比较了平面地表弹道模型、椭球地表弹道模型以及基于落点坐标系的曲面地表弹道模型的仿真效果。仿真结果表明,该方法不仅比椭球地表弹道模型简单而且精度很高,可以很好地解决曲面地表对弹道的影响。     

Enhancing the explosive characteristics of a Semtex explosive by involving admixtures of BCHMX and HMX

A well-known ternary plastic explosive, Czech Semtex 1H, contains a mixture of PETN and RDX softened by SBR. In this work, BCHMX was used to replace PETN in Semtex 1H to form Sem-BC+RDX. In addition, another mixture based on BCHMX and HMX as energetic fillers bonded by the polymeric matrix of Semtex 1H (Sem-BC+HMX) was studied. The particle size distribution of each individual explosive was determined to obtain the optimum mixing conditions. Friction and impact sensitivities were determined. The velocity of detonation was reported practically and the detonation properties were calculated by EXPLO5 code. The explosive strength of each sample was measured by the ballistic mortar test. The conclusion confirms that the velocity of detonation of Sem-BC+HMX was the highest in comparison with the prepared samples. Sem-BC+RDX has the least impact and frictions sensitivities. Sem-BC+RDX has higher detonation velocity, detonation properties and explosive strength than Semtex 1H. Addition of BCHMX in Semtex 1H as a replacement for PETN is the candidate to produce a high performance advanced Czech plastic explosive.     

弹性贮液圆柱壳的动力特性分析

文中论述了一种贮液圆柱壳动力特性的分析计算方法,分析了弹性壳和液体之间的相互耦合作用。假设贮液满足速度势理论,对于圆柱空壳采用有限元法计算其动能和应变能。采用这种方法,节点未知数数目远小于壳体和液体部分都采用有限元法时的节点未知数数目。