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安徽省怀远市朱兵兵:请介绍一下F-22及苏-34战斗机。F-22“猛禽”战斗机F-22“猛禽”战斗机主要用途是夺取战区制空权,因而也是F-15的后继型。F-22的综合机载电子设备包括:中央数据综合处理系统;综合通讯、导航和识别系统和包括无线电电子对抗系统的全套电子战设备,高分辨力的机载雷达和光电传感器系统;两个激光陀螺仪的惯性导航系统。机载雷达为带电子扫描的主动定相天线阵。它包含了1000多块模块。为提高隐蔽性,它设计有雷达站被动工作状态,保证雷达站以主动状态工作时使信号更不容易被截获。飞行员座舱内的自动仪表设备包括4台液晶显示器和广角仪表起飞着陆系统。F-22除执行空中优势任务外,也能使     

F-35联合攻击战斗机研制过程中的几个特点

F-35联合攻击战斗机(JSF)"闪电Ⅱ"同 F-22战斗机一样.都属于世界上最新型、最先进的第四代战斗机.是美军以对地攻击为主的多用途战斗机,也是美国及其盟国21世纪的中坚空中力量。F-35联合攻击战斗机单座,单发具有超声速、多用途和隐形等特点:具有全天时、全天候攻击陆海空目标的能力。在美军的战术设想中,F-35将与 F-22联手.形成类似 F-15与 F-16的高低搭配.当 F-22清除了敌方战斗机以及地     

诺·格公司交付为台湾升级F-16战斗机的AESA雷达

据2015年1月5日的《航空与航天技术周刊》报道,F-16战斗机的第一次飞行已经过去了40多年,这种广泛使用的多用途战斗机的服役期正在进入新的阶段。洛克希德·马丁公司最近接收了用来升级该型战斗机的第1部主动电子扫描阵列(AESA)雷达,诺斯罗普·格鲁曼公司将1部APG-83可升级灵敏波束雷达(SABR)的工程和制造开发(EMD)型样机交给了洛克希德·马丁公司的系统综合实验室,用于升级F-16战斗机。诺斯罗普·格鲁曼公司的作战航空电子系统部门的副总裁杰夫·莱维特(Jeff Leavitt)说,将交付"相当数量"的EMD型雷达用于地面试验和飞行试验,所有这些样机都是根据生产配置制造的,EMD雷达的制造和测试过程都采用了独特的方法。诺     

浅谈美国第六代战机的发展

日前．美国海军陆战队首次从战机制造商洛克希德·马丁公司接收两架最尖端的拥有垂直起降功能、雷达难以探测到的隐形战机F-35B成品．并被运抵美国南部佛罗里达州的埃格林基地,标志美国F-35B飞机的研制和应用又取得阶段性成果。而美国F-22“猛禽”战斗机,作为世界上第一种真正装备部队的第五代战斗机．早已因其强大的“4s”能力——超音速巡航、超机动、高可维护性、低可探测性（隐身）．成为众多国家心目中的致命杀器。     

军事与装备动态

英为韩提供战斗机雷达告警接收机韩国近日授予美国航宇系统公司价值约5800万美元的合同,为韩国F-15K战斗机研制并生产42套可安装在F-15K战斗机上的ALR-56C(V)1雷达告警接收机系统,预计于2007年交付。该系统是F-15K战机集成战术电子战组件的一部分,能够有效探测到敌方雷达制导武器的威胁,向飞行员发出警告、并给     

蓝镜头 洞悉世界海军

美空军两支 F—22A 中队将于5月份完成战斗部署美国空军第1战斗机联队第27中队是首支装备 F-22A"猛禽"多功能战斗机的作战部队,目前驻扎在弗吉尼亚州兰利空军基地。2月,该中队的12架 F-22A 将前往美国空军在冲绳群岛的嘉手纳空军基地,开始这种第5代战斗机的首次海外部署。同属第1战斗机联队的第94中队是美国空军第2支装备 F-22A 的作战部队,将在今年5月达到可战斗部署状态。与此同时,美国空军已计划在2015年之前为该机集成最新的小型制导炸弹和先进数据链。     

AESA有源电子扫描阵雷达的发展

传统的机械扫描天线正在让位于有源电子扫描阵(AESA)。AESA雷达具有更强的性能,更轻的重量,更低的成本和更高的可靠性。它能几乎同时以不同模式工作,这是它吸引现代飞机设计人员和操作人员的众多优点之一。 雷神公司刚开始试验其最先进的用于F/A-18E/F“超大黄蜂”的AIG-79多模式AESA雷达。而在2003年,诺斯罗普·格鲁门公司将开始试飞其为F-16第60批次战斗机研制的APG-80“捷变波束雷达”,并对波音737预警指挥机用的MESA有源阵雷达进行地     

急追美国的步伐——俄罗斯第五代战斗机的研制进展

随着美国第四代战斗机(按美国新的分代方法,也说第五代)F-22A"猛禽"的陆续部署,F-35"联合攻击战斗机"的陆续下线,世界主要军事强国新一代战斗机的研制进一步加速。俄罗斯的第五代战斗机 PAK FA——"未来前线航空系统"的研制工作正在全速进行中……     

“猛禽”核心 美国F-22战斗机座舱

被美空军吹捧为“21世纪的空战霸主”的F-22“猛禽”重型战斗机是美空军第4代战斗机的典型代表、当今世界上最先进的战术战斗机,号称“天下无敌”,将取代美国空军的F-15的各型号。F-22“猛禽”重型战斗机的座舱是当今世界上最先进的全玻璃化座舱之一。座舱盖使用世界上最大叠片的聚碳酸酯特制而成,其光电系统与头盔系统相兼容。座舱内装备了先进的各种机载设备,既没有圆形的刻度盘,又没有备用或专门的刻度。美空军99％的飞行员可入坐该舱。舱内装备了世界一流的可与座舱其他系统相兼容的夜视护目镜和功能更为强大的飞行员头盔系统、新型飞行员特     

美国空军F-16CJ型单座战斗机

照片上这架编号为833的F-16CJ型战斗机正在进行飞行表演,摄于英国7月22日～28日举办的法恩伯勒航展上。该机隶属驻欧美国空军第52战斗机联队第22“毒刺”战斗机中队,驻地位于德国施潘达勒姆美空军基地(Spangdahlem AB)。 F-16CJ(单座型)和F-16DJ(双座型)指的是第50/52批次的F-16C/D。1991年开始交付使用,搭载了AN/APG-68(V)5型雷达,火控系统和电子航空设备的性能大幅提高。1993年以后交付的飞机是进一步提高了各种能力的机型,称为50D/52D批次。 50/52批次系列装备了“哈姆”反辐射导弹导弹用瞄准系统(HTS:ASQ-213),可使用AGM-88型“哈姆”反辐射导弹,成为了能进行大规模压制敌防空系统(SEAD)使命的战斗机。第50(50D)批次的动力装置为F110-GE-229型发动机,第52(52D)批次改用F100-PW-220型发动机,推力有了很大的提高。这2种批次是美国空军现役F-16中的最新型号,但是没有具备第40/42批次上可挂载“兰盾”夜间低空导航及瞄准吊舱的能力。目前美国空军共装备了约250架F-16CJ/DJ。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.