浅析卫星导航系统在役考核指标与方案选择

在役考核是装备试验鉴定的重要环节之一,是对性能试验和作战试验不能解决的问题进行补充鉴定。针对卫星导航系统在役考核过程中考核大纲制定与方案选择的难点问题,通过分析卫星导航系统在联合作战中提供的精准定位、统一授时、辅助精确打击等典型应用场景,归纳出卫星导航系统在役考核需要重视对抗环境、考察关键性能、强调作战效能等特征需求,在此基础上建立了在役考核指标体系,并将灰色关联理论应用到考核方案的选择过程,为卫星导航系统的在役考核提供了一定的参考。     

美军作战试验与鉴定发展研究

当前,军队装备试验鉴定正由性能试验向作战试验、在役考核全领域拓展。在装备试验鉴定体系全面重塑的历史背景下,为适应军队装备试验鉴定发展新变化,探索装备试验鉴定新理论,推进装备试验鉴定自主创新发展,亟需开展装备试验鉴定技术研究。美军相对较早开展了装备试验与鉴定工作,在作战试验与鉴定工作方面已形成了较完善的法规制度体系和规范的操作流程,有较成熟的理论与方法成果可供借鉴。与此同时,美军作战试验与鉴定工作也面临许多新问题。本文剖析了美军作战试验与鉴定的内涵和管理模式,研究了2018和2019年美军作战试验与鉴定的重点技术领域,并进行了对比分析,以期掌握近期美军作战试验与鉴定工作的发展变化。     

美军航天装备试验鉴定体系发展现状研究

美军经过多年的探索与实践,逐步建立并持续优化了航天装备试验鉴定体系。通过对美军航天装备试验鉴定现行与历史性政策、指令,以及文献资料的深入分析,重点对体系中试验鉴定的理念与方法、组织管理、法规标准、试验资源等关键要素进行了研究。通过研究,提出了美军航天装备试验鉴定体系发展历程和阶段性问题,分析了各体系要素的内容和特点;从试验鉴定的理念方法、组织管理等方面,提出了我国航天装备开展试验考核的启示与建议。     

基于系统工程的装备作战试验组织实施流程问题研究

提出了基于系统工程理论和方法的装备作战试验组织实施流程。分析了装备作战试验组织实施的系统工程需求和美军装备作战试验组织实施特点,提出了装备作战试验基于时间维、逻辑维和知识维的系统工程三维结构和包括14个实施步骤的系统工程应用架构,分析了作战试验系统工程应用的评估、决策、优化等辨识过程,探索了试验目标规划、总体方案设计、试验资源及条件建设、试验部署实施、试验鉴定与评估等5个不同组织实施阶段的系统工程具体应用,给出了作战试验组织实施过程中的系统工程应用实例。     

电子装备作战试验模式问题研究

作战试验模式是电子装备作战试验实践的理论和方法基础。通过对电子装备作战试验模式的概念与内涵分析,提出了作战试验评估、定型作战试验、生产作战试验和在役作战试验等四种基本模式,构建了三维的电子装备作战试验模式框架,并就作战试验资源、作战试验方案、作战试验实施和作战试验评估中各种关键手段和方法等问题进行了解析。研究表明,电子装备作战试验模式具有理论上的合理性与技术上的可行性,但必须经过电子装备作战试验的实践而得到深化和发展。     

装备在役考核需求分析框架研究

针对具体某一装备为什么要开展在役考核、应重点考核哪些内容等问题,对装备在役考核需求分析框架进行了研究。将装备在役考核需求分析框架设定划为顶层作战需求分析、装备战/建需求分析、知识信息需求分析、试验考核需求分析4个步骤,分别对4个步骤的子框架进行了具体阐述,并以某无人机为对象进行了示例,验证了所提框架的可行性。     

我军开展武器装备作战试验鉴定的思考

武器装备作战试验鉴定是检验武器装备作战效能和作战适用性的重要手段,是我军在当前世界新军事变革背景下开展的一种新的装备试验类型。为进一步探索我军开展武器装备作战试验鉴定的思路和方法,通过分析我军武器装备作战试验鉴定的现状和存在的问题,提出了建立较为完善的作战试验鉴定组织管理体系;大力开展作战试验鉴定的理论方法研究;构建一体化试验训练靶场等几点思考意见。     

美军水面舰艇作战试验研究及启示

在我军试验鉴定体制改革的大背景下,装备作战试验正式纳入装备试验鉴定体系,成为检验提高装备综合战技性能和效能的关键因素。介绍了美军武器装备作战试验的概念及内涵,重点分析了美军水面舰艇作战试验运行机制,总结归纳其开展作战试验的主要特点,通过对美军舰艇作战试验的总体研究,为我军水面舰艇作战试验提出启示建议。     

关于开展常规武器作战试验鉴定的思考与建议

<正>该项目2013年4月立项,2013年12月完成,2014年12月获装备学院军事理论研究优秀成果一等奖。项目研究内容包括:外军作战试验鉴定的理念和主要做法;我军作战试验鉴定的概念及要素;常规武器装备作战试验鉴定的对象规模、考核内容、评估方法、力量建设、实施程序等基本问题;我军开展常规武器作战试验的对策建议等。项目研究成果包括:在借鉴外军特别是美军研究成果的基础上,结合我军管理体制和装备试验实践现状,准确界定了我国常规武器装备作战试验概念的内涵及外延;     

装备飞行试验模式现状与发展

文章描述装备飞行试验面临的新形势,阐述了现有几种飞行试验模式(技术性能验证飞行试验、作战试验、一体化试验与鉴定等)的特点,对飞行试验体系的建设方向和需求进行分析并提出建议。指出在现有条件下,继续加强新技术装备技术性能验证飞行试验综合能力建设,统筹作战试验条件建设,构建一体化试验与鉴定体系,将是后续建设发展的重要方向。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.