地磁场水平梯度对飞机磁干扰补偿精度的影响

分析了地磁场水平梯度对飞机磁场模型的影响,利用航空磁测试验数据和地磁场水平梯度仿真数据,对飞机磁场模型系数进行了求解计算,并对飞机在特定航向上机动飞行时产生的干扰磁场进行了仿真补偿试验.计算和仿真试验结果表明:地磁场水平梯度引起的飞机磁场和方向余弦变化会使飞机磁场求解结果产生偏差,从而降低飞机磁干扰补偿精度.     

基于混合优化算法的单分量磁性定位方法

为解决现有磁定位方法的定位精度较大程度上依赖于定位参数初始值估计精度的问题,提出了基于混合优化算法的单分量磁定位方法.首先利用舰船垂向磁场的衰减特性构造了相关系数函数,该函数与测量面上磁场的拟合误差函数共同组成了一种新的多目标规划函数,然后将微分进化算法与方向加速法相结合形成了混合优化算法,再利用该算法通过多目标规划函数确定最优的定位参数解.实验证明,对于未安装定位系统的半合作舰船,该定位方法利用磁传感器所测目标的垂向磁场,能较准确地确定舰船相对于磁传感器的位置,定位结果稳定可靠,定位精度较高.     

三补偿阳极的电场特性建模和优化计算

为深入研究阳极数量和安装位置对舰船电场特性的影响,在分析单个和两个阳极情况时电场特性的基础上,通过多群进化规划算法对电场分布进行优化计算,建立数学模型并仿真分析了采用三补偿阳极时舰船周围水下电场的分布情况,得到了三个补偿阳极对于舰船电场防护效果的影响.最后,进行实船安装三个阳极的电场测量分析实验,实验结果与仿真结果一致,证明该方法对舰船阳极的安装数量和位置有直接指导作用.     

任意航向上的舰船磁场换算

本文提出了用两个主航向上舰船磁场测量数据来换算任意航向上任意深度下的舰船磁场的设想。针对静态磁场,提出了一种新的磁场换算方法即磁荷模型换算法。由于该法的模型更接近于物理模型,故该法建立模型容易,换算所需的测量数据少,换算精度高。对安装消磁系统的舰船其任意航向上的磁场换算,作者采用消磁系统绕组磁场和舰船本身磁场分别计算然后合成的处理方法。实验证明,本文提出的舰船任意航向上的磁场换算方法是可行的,换算精度能够满足工程实用要求。     

载体干扰磁场补偿方法

获得载体航行路径上各点地磁场的精确测量值是地磁匹配导航的前提,而载体上各种干扰磁场的存在会引起磁力仪输出的偏差,影响匹配的精度,因此必须对载体干扰磁场进行补偿。在分析载体干扰磁场特性的基础上,提出利用矢量测量值对地磁场总场值进行补偿的方法。该方法首先根据矢量磁力仪的测量模型得到关于载体磁场参数的非线性方程,然后采用非线性参数估计方法估计出精确的载体干扰磁场系数,最后再利用估计结果对测量值进行补偿。通过仿真对该方法的有效性进行研究,并设计了半实物实验对其实用性进行验证。结果表明采用本文提出的方法补偿后地磁场总场值的测量误差在20nT以内,而且该方法参数估计精度高,应用方便,可以有效地对导航载体干扰磁场进行补偿。     

基于体单元与测点间磁场映射关系的舰艇感应磁场测量方法

针对数值计算方法精度难以保证、双航向及两地测量法难以实施、地磁模拟法测量精度与所模拟的地磁场均匀度高度相关等问题,提出了一种基于体单元与测点间磁场映射关系的舰艇感应磁场测量方法。该方法利用消磁站已有的地磁补偿线圈产生磁场来对船体进行磁化,且不需要线圈产生的磁场在舰艇所占区域内均匀,因而大大降低了在单一航向上准确测量舰艇感应磁场的难度。仿真分析和实验室实验的结果均表明:该方法测量精度高、测量步骤简单、易于工程实现。     

舰船固定磁场分量分离的一种新方法

为了准确了解舰船的固定磁场分布,进而对舰船磁性防护作出指导,用等效磁偶极子的方法对舰船固定磁场分量分离的方法进行了研究,通过对固定磁场垂直分量总和的曲线进行分析,根据磁偶极子组合产生磁场规律的先验知识,选择最佳的磁偶极子的排列方式,然后对磁偶极子磁矩范围进行估计,最后利用遗传算法这种全局优化算法求出磁源的参数,进而分离出固定磁场各个分量。仿真计算结果表明,该方法能够比较好地搜索到磁偶极子的最佳数目、位置和磁矩,可以用于舰船固定磁场的分离。     

从探头阵列到标准测量点的磁场值转换

针对目前在消磁站对舰船进行磁场测量时,探头阵列所测磁场值不是舰船标准测量点的磁场值这一情况,讨论依据探头阵列(基准测量点)测量出来的磁场值,采用二次二维插值算法计算舰船标准测量点上的磁场值.实验结果表明,该方法计算精度高,具有较高的应用价值.     

基于地磁场的新型导航方法研究

利用地磁场的特性来寻找一种新型的自主导航方法.通过在飞行器上使用三轴磁强计敏感到当地的地磁场强度矢量,参考国际地磁场模型(IGRF),使用广义卡尔曼滤波算法对飞行器位置进行估计,获取位置信息.仿真验证了这种方法的可行性,并给出了导航精度.     

舰船消磁系统S矩阵及其测量方法

建立了舰船消磁系统舰磁干扰量模拟法的S矩阵数学模型 ,该模型可以用来模拟产生任意地磁场作用下和舰船任意姿态时消磁系统电流变化关系 .提出了利用不同主航向上舰船消磁系统电流与横摇角、地磁场和感应干扰量的变化关系来测量和分析S矩阵元素的方法 ,为解决舰船消磁系统快速抗干扰和跨纬度区调整问题奠定了理论基础 .     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.