一种舰载作战系统系泊对准约定真值预估方法

针对舰载作战系统系泊对准中普遍的使用标定地标的大地测量数据进行真值计算的方法,提出了基于极坐标变换迭代算法,推导了二维的舰载探测器探测方位角和探测距离的对准计算算法.并分析了在不同标定地标条件下给定的大地测量目标真值转换到探测器回转中心所的角度、距离约定真值,建立一种约定真值的预估方法,在探测器精度允许的情况下可用该方...     

1．06μm连续激光辐照GaAs探测器的理论研究

建立了高斯型连续激光辐照GaAs探测器物理模型,近似解析计算了圆柱形GaAs靶板的三维温度场.数值分析了激光辐照时GaAs探测器的信号异常及熔融损伤的情况,并计算了相应的损伤阈值.理论计算与实验结论能够精确的一致,理论模型为评论同类激光效应以及激光对抗的激光加固提供了参考.     

点型火灾报警探测器保护范围对布置的影响

分析了点型火灾报警探测器＂保护半径＂与＂保护面积＂的内在关系,得出了以保护半径为主,保护面积及修正系数为辅新型计算方法,使其在不规则平面更有可操作性,能充分发挥探测器效能,给设置留下了宽裕的选择范围,使设置更趋合理;在安全性不受影响下,探测器用量最大可节省12%。     

FDTD 中微带线激励源分析

FDTD已广泛应用于微带问题的计算 ,本文在分析各种微带线馈电激励设置方式的基础上提出了一种新的激励设置方式 ,本方法不仅能计算Gaussian脉冲激励 ,也能计算正弦波激励。计算过程中 ,源平面无需切换成吸收边界。由于场区的划分使反射场自然从总场区分离出来。     

火星稀薄大气动态误差对制动降轨的影响

针对火星大气制动降轨过程中稀薄流区大气受季节和昼夜等因素影响而存在较大动态误差的问题,建立气动力作用下的轨道动力学方程,研究探测器稀薄流气动参数计算方法,分析大气参数动态误差对气动力及制动降轨效果的影响。结合火星探测应用,仿真分析火星大气制动过程中的探测器气动特性以及轨道变化特性。为保证探测器制动过程中的安全和持续时间要求,给出了理想的大气制动降轨走廊范围及导航精度需求,具有一定的工程参考价值。     

地表目标复合散射的强迫激励法分析

研究了强迫激励方法在电磁散射计算中的应用 ,此方法将地表目标散射分析化为两步 :首先分析地面的散射 ,再将地面的散射作为激励作用于目标 ,从而得到地面背景下目标的电磁散射信号。应用强迫激励方法计算了地表背景下车体的时域电磁散射 ,并与试验作了对比 ,两者比较吻合     

重复脉冲激光辐照InSb(PV)型探测器的热损伤

在建立高斯型重复脉冲激光辐照InSb(PV)型探测器物理模型的基础上,采用近似解析解的形式计算了圆柱形InSb靶板的二维温度场。通过数值分析得出了在激光辐照时,InSb(PV)型探测器的温升与时间的关系,并计算出相应的损伤阈值。研究表明:在高斯型重复脉冲激光辐照下,损伤阈值受到脉冲数目、宽度、重复频率以及脉冲激光光斑半径的影响,InSb(PV)型探测器会发生熔融损伤,发生于迎光面的光斑中心。对于一定厚度胶层的InSb(PV)型探测器,只有强度大于一定阈值时重复脉冲激光的辐照才可能发生熔融损伤,越薄的胶层对应的损伤阈值越大。为了增加InSb(PV)型探测器的激光对抗能力,应该减小胶层厚度。     

EKV红外探测器的温度分辨能力初步分析

从双波段红外测温的原理入手,分析了导弹防御系统EKV红外探测器对中段飞行目标的温度分辨能力,指出目标在探测器2个工作波段的发射率之比是影响探测器温度测量精度的最大因素.在假定条件下的蒙特卡罗计算表明,EKV的温度测量误差约10.8 K;当目标间的温度差别小于11.8 K时,EKV就无法分辨出哪一个目标的温度更高(均为95%的置信概率).     

连续波金属探测器电磁场模型的理论分析

介绍了连续波金属探测器的工作原理,提出一种新的连续波金属探测器电磁场模型,采用基于电磁场和电路的混合方法对该模型进行了详细的理论分析,推导出在空气及海水中金属探测器接收感应电压的计算公式,并给出了简要的设计实例.文中理论分析结果对于连续波金属探测器设计与分析具有指导意义,对其它类型的金属探测器设计也有参考价值.     

CR-39中子探测效率的模拟研究

利用蒙特卡罗（MC）方法计算了CR-39探测器对中子的探测效率,并与文献结果进行比较,得出了一致的结论;同时以^252Cf自发裂变源为模拟中子源,通过MCNP程序计算,得出了中子探测效率随CR-39探测器厚度变化的曲线。     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.     

SIM—LISP:一个通信网络管理专家系统外壳的设计与实现

本文介绍了笔者为开发名为OONMES的网络管理专家系统所实现的一个简单专家系统工具SIM-LISP。SIM-LISP是一个用C/C++语言来实现的模拟LISP语言的可调用函数集,它短小精巧,速度快,可以完成针对网管专家系统的事实或规则知识的表示、匹配、合一和推理等基本操作,并有与知识对象的连接功能,是网管专家系统内核实现的支撑环境。     

Al Qaida on the US invasion of Afghanistan in their own words

This article consists of selected translations from captured interviews and dairies of Al Qaida members. The time period covered is from mid-2001 to early 2002 and concerns their operations in Afghanistan. The material clearly conveys a range of emotion, from confident to despondent, as well as efforts to contest the US actions. The first several pages give the reader context and some possible “lessons learned,” but the story(ies) are best told by the Al Qaida members themselves. All names are pseudonyms.     

Does Intent equal Capability? Al-Qaeda and Weapons of Mass Destruction

The prospect of terrorists deploying weapons of mass destruction (WMD) is often referred to as the foremost danger to American national security. This danger has become more realistic because of al-Qaeda's expanding global network and the expressed willingness to kill thousands of civilians. In the past four years, numerous media reports have documented the group's ongoing quest for WMD capabilities; many reports have detailed al-Qaeda members’ attempts to manufacture or obtain certain chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) agents to use in WMD against targets in the West and the Middle East. Yet the question remains: Does al-Qaeda's current WMD capability match its actual intent? While most studies of the group have focused on its explicit desire for WMD, allegations of CBRN acquisition, and the killing potential of specific CBRN agents, few open-source studies have closely examined the evolution of al-Qaeda's consideration of WMD and, most notably, the merit of actual CBRN production instructions as depicted and disseminated in the group's own literature and manuals. The following report will examine the history of al-Qaeda's interest in CBRN agents, the evolution of the network's attitude toward these weapons, and the internal debate within the organization concerning acquisition and use of WMD. More so, the following research will assess the validity of actual CBRN production instructions and capabilities as displayed and disseminated in al-Qaeda's own literature and websites.     

Late Medieval Lance Use: Mounted Combat and Martial Arts in Western Europe from the 14th to the 16th Century

Despite the lance’s status and the amount of attention the couched lance has received in historiography, study of its martial art has been neglected. The various lance types and techniques used by western European cavalry have only recently begun to receive scholarly attention. Additionally, Medieval European lance use has too often been studied in isolation, without an adequate understanding of the idiosyncratic and asymmetrical dynamics of mounted combat. Although the charge with the couched lance was a valid tactic, it was only one of many. Light and heavy lances were used in one hand or two to trip, block, unhorse, and wrestle. These techniques were governed by the harsh laws of distance, speed, impact, iron, and asymmetry. By utilizing the surviving Fechtbücher and several Peninsular and Near Eastern sources, a brief foray into the diverse techniques of lance use and their purposes has been attempted here.     

A model for geographically distributed combat interactions of swarming naval and air forces

This article describes the Distributed Interaction Campaign Model (DICM), an exploratory campaign analysis tool and asset allocation decision‐aid for managing geographically distributed and swarming naval and air forces. The model is capable of fast operation, while accounting for uncertainty in an opponent's plan. It is intended for use by commanders and analysts who have limited time for model runs, or a finite budget. The model is purpose‐built for the Pentagon's Office of Net Assessment, and supports analysis of the following questions: What happens when swarms of geographically distributed naval and air forces engage each other and what are the key elements of the opponents’ force to attack? Are there changes to force structure that make a force more effective, and what impacts will disruptions in enemy command and control and wide‐area surveillance have? Which insights are to be gained by fast exploratory mathematical/computational campaign analysis to augment and replace expensive and time‐consuming simulations? An illustrative example of model use is described in a simple test scenario. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 562–576, 2016     

Thomas Firth and Sons – Steelmakers to the Arms Industries. Part 2: Heavy Armaments

Firth’s were the first of the Sheffield steel makers to enter the field armaments. Their involvement with Colt has been outlined in an article in the journal of the Colt Collectors Association in America and their activities as steelmakers to the small-arms industries has been covered in a previous issue of this Journal. This article gives a brief overview of their involvement as manufacturers in the field of heavy armaments, being the first to make all-steel guns and their evolving role in the use of steel for ordnance, culminating in the displacement of wrought iron by the adoption of steel for ordnance manufacture by the Royal Gun Factory in the 1880s. It also highlights their development of stainless steel in this context.     

Information Is Not a Weapons System

ABSTRACT

While many militaries have tried to capitalize on the potential of information operations in internal war, few have succeeded. I argue that military information campaigns fall short of expectations for two reasons. First, the theory of influence militaries generally embrace – communications as a non-lethal weapons system – is largely invalid. While treating information as a weapons system makes it easier to integrate it into the existing military planning system, this overstates the independent effects of communications on behavior and understates the importance of interactive effects of what commercial marketing theory refers to as the “marketing mix” – product, price, promotion, and placement. It would be more appropriate to treat military information operations as a form of marketing: a composite effort to induce a specific behavior in a target audience by applying a combination of material and ideational instruments. The marketing model suggests that the efficacy of information operations will depend not simply on the message and its delivery (promotion) but on the behavior the sender seeks to induce (the product), the costs of that behavior (the price), and the opportunities available for such behavior (the placement).