基于GSPN的编队网络化防空指挥流程研究

为了提高编队指挥员在信息化海战中的作战指挥效率和应变能力,利用广义随机Petri网与马尔可夫链的等价关系,得到一种Petri网与马尔可夫链理论相结合的指挥流程时间性能分析的新方法,通过对模型进行分析与求解,得出了舰艇编队网络化防空作战指挥流程活动的准确作战周期,从而为指挥流程的优化提供有力的支撑,对评估系统效能水平也具有重要指导意义。     

应用马尔科夫链的空中战役过程数学概念模型

空中战役过程的数学概念模型是对实际作战过程的抽象,是仿真建模的基础.在对空中战役过程物理特性分析基础上,根据典型化、模块化等手段对空中战役的典型作战过程进行处理,使其符合马尔科夫链的判别条件,将整个作战过程看作多个作战阶段组成的状态转移体系,建立用马尔科夫链描述的空中战役典型作战过程数学概念模型,探讨了作战阶段持续时间、状态转移概率的确定和其他影响因素,并对适合作战阶段数学模型的建模方法进行介绍.所得研究结果可以为仿真建模人员的仿真建模工作提供有益的指导.     

Optimization of steerable sensor network for threat detection

A Markov chain approach to detecting a threat in a given surveillance zone by a network of steerable sensors is presented. The network has a finite number of predetermined states, and transition from one state to another follows a Markov chain. Under the assumption that the threat avoids detection, two game theoretic problems for finding an optimal Markov chain (two surveillance strategies) are formulated: the first maximizes the probability of threat detection for two consecutive detection periods, whereas the second minimizes the average time of detection for the worst‐case threat's trajectory. Both problems are reduced to linear programming, and special techniques are suggested to solve them. For a dynamic environment with moving noise sources, the optimal Markov chain changes at each detection period, and the rate of convergence of the Markov chain to its stationary distribution is analyzed. Both surveillance strategies are tested in numerical experiments and compared one with another. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011     

Markov chain analysis of a situation where cannibalization is the only repair activity

This paper considers a group of S identical aircraft, each of which is partitioned into K parts which fail exponentially. The only way in which a failed aircraft can be repaired is by cannibalizing its out-of-commission parts from other failed aircraft. The evolution of the number of good aircraft over time is governed by the transient behavior of an absorbing Markov chain. We can therefore study this behavior by matrix multiplication although the computational problem grows large for K ≥ 3. Some numerical results and some approximations are also provided.     

专家系统优化排列准则及时间估计模型研究

军用仿真系统中 ,专家系统作为一个决策软件包 ,满足整个软件系统运行的性能需要 ,因此研究专家系统的推理时间是必要的。专家系统的推理时间与其推理模式、知识库结构等因素有关。针对知识库结构 ,利用时间齐次马尔可夫链为专家系统知识库进行建模 ,并给出了相应的时间估计模型及其排列准则 ,从而可以研究专家系统的实时性。     

非高斯噪声下信号盲检测算法*

针对实际甚低频和超低频接收机不仅受非高斯噪声的影响,同时受到接收机内部和外部环境中高斯噪声影响的问题,对噪声采用高斯尺度混合分布和高斯分布的混合模型建模,根据混合模型的性质,设计了一种基于马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗方法的信号盲检测算法。盲检测算法在贝叶斯层次模型下,采用Gibbs抽样和M-H抽样更新参数,同步检测信道衰落系数、噪声模型参数和信号。算法迭代效率快、精度高。通过与最优检测性能比较,盲检测算法性能优异,对甚低频和超低频信号接收具有重要的现实意义。     

Dynamic coordination of production planning and sales admission control in the presence of a spot market

We consider the decision‐making problem of dynamically scheduling the production of a single make‐to stock (MTS) product in connection with the product's concurrent sales in a spot market and a long‐term supply channel. The spot market is run by a business to business (B2B) online exchange, whereas the long‐term channel is established by a structured contract. The product's price in the spot market is exogenous, evolves as a continuous time Markov chain, and affects demand, which arrives sequentially as a Markov‐modulated Poisson process (MMPP). The manufacturer is obliged to fulfill demand in the long‐term channel, but is able to rein in sales in the spot market. This is a significant strategic decision for a manufacturer in entering a favorable contract. The profitability of the contract must be evaluated by optimal performance. The current problem, therefore, arises as a prerequisite to exploring contracting strategies. We reveal that the optimal strategy of coordinating production and sales is structured by the spot price dependent on the base stock and sell‐down thresholds. Moreover, we can exploit the structural properties of the optimal strategy to conceive an efficient algorithm. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010     

无线Ad Hoc网络中一种多信道协同MAC协议

多信道所带来的MCC(Multiple Channel Coordination)问题是影响多信道系统性能的重要因素。文章针对无线Ad Hoc网络,提出了一种多信道协同MAC(Media Access Control)协议。该协议扩展了协同通信的概念,邻节点不再转发发送节点的数据,而是帮助发送节点发现和避免多信道中的MCC问题。文章还对经典二维Markov模型进行了改进,加入了多信道和协同机制,对所提协议进行了建模,分析了协同机制对系统性能的影响,并推导出了吞吐量性能和时延性能的表达式。仿真结果表明,采用协同机制可以有效解决MCC问题,文章中所提协议相对传统多信道MAC协议可以大大提高吞吐量和时延性能。     

不完备检测下视情维修的多级劣化系统性能评估

视情维修是改善多级劣化系统性能表现的重要措施,然而在实际中检测不完备问题会制约视情维修的有效开展,从而影响劣化系统性能评估结果。针对这一问题,将多级劣化系统检测维修马尔科夫链模型中的状态转移进行调整,建立其在不完备检测下进行视情维修的性能评估模型,给出系统性能参数的求解方法。实例验证表明:在实际工作中,虚警和漏检对于系统瞬态可用度的影响是随时间变化而不定的,但对于系统可靠度的影响则是确定的,即在任意时刻虚警提高系统可靠度,而漏检降低系统可靠度。     

无人机集群作战中连续时间Markov链模型的求解方法

针对无人机集群目标作战解析建模时在状态转移过程中计算速率低的问题,提出了一种基于行压缩存储的四阶Runge-Kutta法。根据无人机集群作战样式将无人机集群作战过程划分为三个阶段,并分阶段对无人机集群作战的状态转移过程建立连续时间Markov链模型。以无人机集群完成作战任务的可靠性作为求解指标,运用四阶Runge-Kutta法对Markov模型进行求解。由于求解过程中速率转移矩阵具有稀疏特性,采用基于行压缩存储的算法优化求解速率。仿真实验表明,运用连续时间Markov理论建立的无人机集群作战过程模型的有效性和可行性优于其他模型。同时,与其他算法及模型相比,该算法计算速率更高、能更好地满足结果精度的可靠性需求,进一步说明了本算法的优越性。 〖BHDWG8,WK10YQ,DK1*2,WK1*2D〗〖XCHSC.TIF;%129%129〗听语音 聊科研与作者互动     

The single server queue in discrete time-numerical analysis I

This is the first of a sequence of papers dealing with the computational aspects of the transient behavior of queues in discrete time It is shown that for a substantial class of queues of practical interest, a wealth of numerical information may be obtained by relatively unsophisticated methods This approach should prove useful in the analysis of unstable queues which operate over a limited time interval, but is by no means limited to such queues Mathematically the service unit is modeled in terms of a multivariate Markov chain, whose particular structure is used in iterative computation. Many important queue features may then be derived from the n-step transition probabilities of this chain.     

VLMC控制流软件可靠性度量方法

针对现有软件可靠性模型普遍不适用于实际软件的问题,分析了软件内部模块间控制转移机理,通过分离入口模块,提取一阶控制转移概率矩阵;弱化内部模块与出口模块间差异,重构二阶以上转移概率矩阵,在改进Cheung模型的基础上建立一个更符合软件实际的可靠性度量模型。针对变阶依赖（ VLMC）控制转移导致的可靠性度量难问题,通过对导致复杂依赖的多入多出模块进行节点扩展,将VLMC控制流转化为Markov链,利用所建立的软件可靠性模型对VLMC控制流软件进行可靠性度量。研究利用演绎推理对所建立模型进行了正确性形式化证明。最后给出了方法的实例验证。     

基于Markov链的分布式仿真系统最佳检查点间隔研究

基于HLA的分布式仿真系统作为一类特殊的分布式系统,其容错一般基于回卷恢复实现,在回卷恢复中检查点间隔的不同会对系统性能产生很大的影响。分析了分布式仿真容错与一般分布式系统容错的异同,根据不同仿真进程对仿真结果的重要程度对其进行了分类,定义并利用Markov链分析了采用回卷恢复时分布式仿真系统的可用度,得到了系统最大可用度对应的检查点间隔的求解等式,通过一组试验数据验证了该最佳检查点间隔求解等式的正确性。     

Higher‐order Markov chain models for categorical data sequences*

In this paper we study higher‐order Markov chain models for analyzing categorical data sequences. We propose an efficient estimation method for the model parameters. Data sequences such as DNA and sales demand are used to illustrate the predicting power of our proposed models. In particular, we apply the developed higher‐order Markov chain model to the server logs data. The objective here is to model the users' behavior in accessing information and to predict their behavior in the future. Our tests are based on a realistic web log and our model shows an improvement in prediction. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004     

差分跳频码性能检验研究

差分跳频是一种新的扩展频谱通信技术.在介绍差分跳频基本原理的基础上,将差分跳频的频率跳变过程建模成齐次马尔可夫链.分析了G函数的功能,重点讨论了差分跳频码性能的检验方法,包括不可约性、频隙滞留、均匀性和随机性检验,其中频隙滞留是首次提出应用于差分跳频码性能的检验.这些检验方法对于差分跳频G函数的设计具有一定的指导意义.     

演化硬件中变异概率对进化算法首次命中时间的影响

在(1+1)EAs中,采用马尔可夫链推移时间分析法,推导出了平均首次命中时间的表达式。从理论上分析了变异概率对平均首次命中时间的影响。结果表明适当的变异概率会缩短平均首次命中时间,加快进化算法的寻优时间。     

多阶段任务系统可靠性分析的ROBDD算法

针对Markov方法分析多阶段任务系统(Phased-Mission System,PMS)可靠性时的状态空间爆炸问题,基于层次化建模思想,建立了PMS任务可靠性的顶层系统二维决策图(Binary Decision Diagram,BDD)模型和底层部件Markov模型。通过分析BDD中的同构节点和冗余节点,提出顶层模型构造过程中的同构节点合并策略和冗余节点删除策略。利用上述节点压缩策略生成简化模型,提高模型构造和存储效率。基于PMS部件排序规则,给出了层次化模型的递归求解方法,该方法的计算复杂度与顶层模型中的节点总数呈线性关系。通过算例分析,对比采用节点压缩策略前后的模型节点数,以及层次化方法与Markov方法的计算结果,验证了简化层次模型的正确性和有效性。     

A cost analysis of sampling inspection under Military Standard 105D

Military Standard 105D has been almost universally adopted by government and private consumers for the lot-by-lot sampling inspection of product which may be inspected on a dichotomoun basis The plan specifies, for each lot size, a random sample size and set of acceptance numbers (maximum allowable number of defectives in each sample). The acceptance numbers are based upon the binomial distribution and depend upon the quality required by the purchaser. Where several consecutive lots are submitted, a shift to less severe (“reduced”) inspection or more severe (“tightened”) inspection is specified when the ongoing quality is very high or low. Further experience permits a return to normal sampling from either of these states This paper examines the long range costs of such a sampling scheme. The three inspection types are considered as three distinct Markov chains, with periodic transitions from chain to chain. The expected sample size and the expected proportion of rejected product are determined as a function of the two parameters under control of the manufacturer, lot size and product quality. Some numerical examples are given which illustrate how to compute the overall cost of sampling inspection. Suggestions are made concerning the choice of parameters to minimize this cost.     

多层弹道导弹防御体系射击策略研究

主要利用离散马尔可夫链(DTMC)对多层弹道导弹防御系统反导作战射击策略问题进行了研究.定义了多层弹道导弹防御体系防御层识别矩阵、拦截矩阵、综合防御能力矩阵等描述多层弹道导弹防御体系防御层作战能力的相关概念,建立了多层弹道导弹防御体系的DTMC模型.在此基础上,应用多层弹道导弹防御体系的DTMC模型对多层弹道导弹防御体系射击策略对作战效能的影响进行了预测分析,最后应用实例验证了模型的有效性及实用性.研究结果可为制定多层弹道导弹防御体系射击策略问题提供决策依据.     

马尔科夫链扫雷效果评估模型可信度验证

目前基于马尔科夫链的扫雷作战效果评估模型从单链到多链,理论模型与算法设计已经架构完毕,但该模型的可信度还有待验证。文中利用误差分布拟合检验的方法,对模型可信度进行验证,计算表明,该模型可信度较好。