美军升级心理战

美军素来重视心理战在战争中的运用，也重视心理战力量的建设与培养。从最近几次局部战争来看，美军心理战的运用取得了较好效果，在瓦解敌方士气、控制舆论导向等方面起到了重要作用，但同时也暴露出一些问题。最近，美军心理战观察员蒂莫西中校就撰文指出，当前美军心理战沿用的还是过时的冷战模式，心理战力量的主要作用仅是对地面部队提供战术支援，     

中国近现代心理战历史沿革研究

信息技术的飞速发展和广泛运用为心理战的实施开辟了新的更加广阔的空间。当前,拓展深化军事斗争准备和完成多样化军事任务对军队心理战建设提出了新的任务和要求。研究中国近现代心理战的历史沿革发展,特别是辛亥革命时期、土地革命时期、抗日战争时期、解放战争时期、抗美援朝时期中心理战的演变过程,总结经验教训,对于提高信息时代军队心理作战能力有重要启示作用。     

中美贸易战的心理战策略与启示

中美贸易战不仅仅是贸易战,更是一场心理战。贸易战本质是国与国之间关于贸易的交流、对话、谈判和妥协,中美贸易战中双方运用了大量的心理战策略和技术,如美方的策略有强势攻心宣传、实施心理误导和输出美国价值,而中国则通过引导舆论动向、展示决心意志和争取国际支持来获取关注。本文从中美两国角度深入剖析了中美贸易战中双方运用的心理战策略和技术,并得出中美贸易战的心理战启示,一是要知己知彼,二是要创新应用新媒体传播平台,三是要占据道义的制高点。     

现代战争心理战高科技运用探析

随着世界新军事变革的蓬勃发展,心理战这一传统的斗争方式也呈现出一系列崭新的特征。现代技术的飞速发展和广泛运用,极大拓展了心理战的作战领域和影响范围。高技术局部战争的实践已经充分表明,战争胜负对心理战的依赖日趋明显,心理战已逐渐成为一种能够适应国际斗争需要并在维护国家安全方面发挥作用的战略行动。本文以海湾战争、伊拉克战争等20世纪90年代以来的几场高技术局部战争为案例,通过深入剖析现代战争心理战的高科技含量,分析了心理战与兵战结合以及心理战与电子战、网络战、高精度军事打击等其他作战样式的协同方式;论述了传统和新型心理攻防手段中的高科技运用与创新;最后围绕心理战科技建设进行多方面深刻思考,并提出对策建议,以期能够为军队全面提升心理攻防建设能力提供一定参考。     

社交媒体的迅猛发展及心理战运用的几点启示

文章总结梳理了社交媒体的四个突出特点,分别从搜集心理战情报信息、打造心理战“意见领袖”、隐蔽投送心理战信息、提高心理战作用效能四个方面探讨了社交媒体在心理战运用中的思路和方法.     

信息化条件下美军心理战"云"活动范式论

近年来,美军利用其先进的信息传输系统,综合运用信息媒介、人际关系、组织机构、生理刺激等多种方式,使心理战趋向系统整合的"云"活动.该种活动范式呈现出心理战主体构成复合化、心理战情报获取渠道网栅化、心理战信息开发系统化、心理战致效路径组合化、心理战作战空间多域化等特点.     

加拿大军队心理战力量及发展趋势

加拿大军队心理战力量呈小编组,全要素的特点,基本编成与美军心理战部队类似。加拿大心理战力量重视军事信息支援小组的建设,加强了军民融合式力量的运用,充分发挥了心理战的致效因素。     

基于传播动力学的心理战效果评估模型研究

心理战效果评估是心理战的重要环节,科学的心理战效果评估模型是实现心理战效果及时、精确评估的前提和基础。传播动力学以其简化性、准确性、直观性和可操作性等优势为心理战效果评估提供了新的思路和方法。基于传播动力学构建心理战效果评估模型的关键技术和基本原则,为构建科学心理战效果评估模型提供了理论和技术支撑。     

阈下信息技术及其在心理战中的应用研究

信息技术的飞速发展和广泛运用为心理战的实施开辟了新的更加广阔的空间.阈下信息具有高度的隐蔽性,阈下信息技术是一种“不被觉察”的感知操纵技术,在心理战领域具有广泛的应用前景.文章在对国外阈下信息技术研究现状进行详尽分析总结的基础上,提出了军队在心理战中应用阈下信息技术的构想和建议,以期提升心理战的作战效能,为战斗力的提高提供新的生长点.     

虚拟现实在心理战中的应用及展望

虚拟现实是用虚拟的情境模拟现实的世界,通过虚拟的多维空间,使用户体验到身临其境的感觉。文章通过深度剖析虚拟现实的历史沿革、发展现状与技术特点,结合其在军事中的运用以及发展前景,提出虚拟现实能够对心理战参战人员的心理训练、战场环境模拟和心理战效果评估提供借鉴和支持。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.