含黏砂土渗透系数的3种试验方法浅析

对含黏砂土进行3种试验方法的渗透试验，即变水头渗透试验、常水头渗透试验和一维垂直土柱积水入渗试验，探讨了含黏砂土的渗透系数与干密度之间的函数关系，试验结果表明渗透系数随干密度的增大而呈现指数函数形式的衰减。3种试验方法所得函数形式是一致的，说明3种方法测试含黏砂土的渗透特性都是可靠的。     

重塑非饱和含粘砂土变形强度特性的三轴试验

利用多功能土工三轴仪探讨了非饱和含粘砂土的变形和强度特性，共进行3种应力路径的三轴试验：控制吸力的各向同性压缩试验、控制净平均应力的三轴收缩试验、控制吸力和净围压为常数的三轴排水剪切试验。研究结果表明：该土的屈服净平均应力和偏应力都随吸力增大；在净平均应力不变的条件下，该土的屈服吸力是一常数但不等于土样在历史上曾受过的最大吸力；随着净围压增大，其应力-应变曲线由软化向硬化型转变；在高吸力高围压下，呈现脆性破坏。控制吸力和净围压为常数的三轴排水剪切试验在p—q平面内的强度包络线为直线；在试验研究的吸力范围（50～200kPa）内，该土的粘聚力随吸力线性增加；内摩擦角随吸力的变化很小，可以认为是一常数；该土具有显著的剪胀特性，剪胀性不仅取决于千密度与围压，而且还与吸力密切相关。     

自重湿陷性黄土的力学特性试验研究

对宁夏扶贫扬黄灌溉工程十一号泵站地基的原状自重湿陷性黄土进行了系统的非饱和土试验研究,包括土水特征曲线试验、直剪试验、各向同性三轴压缩试验和控制吸力的三轴湿陷试验.试验结果表明:吸力不超过200 kPa时,原状土的持水能力高于重塑土,当吸力超过200 kPa后,两种土的土水特征曲线相接近;原状黄土的内摩擦角随吸力基本不变,总粘聚力随吸力的增加而线性增加;不同吸力下的屈服净平均应力随着吸力的增大而增大,屈服后的压缩指数随吸力增大而减小;同一净围压和偏应力下,随吸力的增加湿陷变形增加;净围压对湿陷变形有一定影响.     

延安新区压实Q_2黄土增减湿高压压缩变形特性

为研究压实Q2黄土在高压力条件下的增减湿高压压缩变形特性,采用DGD系列型高压固结仪分别对不同初始压实度和不同初始含水率条件下的压实Q2黄土试样进行高压压缩试验,分析压实Q2黄土压缩变形特性随初始压实度和初始含水率的变化规律;运用不同方法对压缩试验成果进行整理,分析侧限条件下压实Q2黄土应力应变关系特点。结果表明:压实Q2黄土的压缩变形特性受初始压实度和初始含水率的影响较大,在最大压实度和最优含水率处的压缩变形量最小;初始压实度不同,拟合压实Q2黄土应力应变关系曲线的函数也不同,在较低初始压实度条件下,用双曲线拟合效果较好,此时割线模量与应力呈线性关系,在较高初始压实度条件下,用幂函数拟合效果更好。     

南阳膨胀土三向膨胀力规律研究

湿胀干缩是膨胀土的一个典型特征。膨胀土与水作用时,随着含水量的增加, 其体积将明显地增大,显示了强烈的膨胀性。当这种膨胀性受到限制时,必然产生膨胀力。膨胀力的大小与膨胀土的含水量和干密度有很大关系,研究膨胀力对深入了解膨胀土的变形和强度特性很有价值。通过12个三向膨胀力试验,研究了南阳陶岔重塑膨胀土膨胀力随含水量和干密度的变化规律。试验结果表明重塑膨胀土的三向膨胀力不等,水平膨胀力小于竖向膨胀力;给出了膨胀力与初始含水量和干密度的关系式,为工程建筑物的稳定分析提供了依据。     

应急机场沥青道面高温稳定性试验研究

利用MTS～810型材料伺服试验机对应急机场道面沥青混凝土进行了高温条件下车辙试验和蠕变试验。试验结果表明：随应力的增大，沥青混凝土的弹性应变增大，塑性应力增大，破坏时间提前，应变的发展速度越来越快；得出了应急机场道面沥青混凝土的粘、弹性参数与应力的关系及本构模型；求出了不同机型的不同胎压作用下应急机场面层沥青混凝土的动稳定度；根据应急机场跑道上的飞机重复作用次数及车辙试验结果，计算了不同胎压作用下应急机场沥青混凝土面层的变形厚度，在允许寿命内面层沥青混凝土的动稳定度满足要求。     

氯化钙和尿素对珊瑚砂胶结的影响

使用不同浓度氯化钙、尿素以及氯化钙尿素混合溶液浸泡珊瑚砂试样,干燥后得到具有一定强度的珊瑚砂柱,研究其表观、强度和微观结构特性,分析结晶种类和溶液浓度对珊瑚砂胶结的影响。结果表明:尿素结晶对砂土颗粒的胶结作用不明显,试样未能较好成型;氯化钙和氯化钙尿素混合结晶对砂土颗粒的胶结作用较明显,砂柱强度最高接近6 MPa。氯化钙胶结试样强度随溶液浓度增加先增大后减小,溶液浓度为3 mol/L左右时强度最大;混合溶液胶结试样强度随溶液浓度增加而不断增大。3种胶结试样微观图像的灰度熵、欧拉数和孔隙的定向度、分布分维随溶液浓度增加而减小;颗粒定向度和分布分维随溶液浓度增加而增大。氯化钙和氯化钙尿素混合溶液胶结试样颗粒面积比例、颗粒与孔隙圆形度均大于尿素胶结试样。     

腐蚀介质下AZ91镁合金滑动摩擦磨损失效行为分析

利用滑动摩擦磨损试验分别研究了AZ91镁合金在干摩擦条件下和腐蚀介质环境下的滑动摩擦磨损失效行为,并结合腐蚀产物的分析结果,验证了腐蚀可加速磨损失效的进程。结果显示:在干摩擦条件下,AZ91镁合金的摩擦因数随载荷增大表现为先减小后增大,其主要磨损失效形式表现为磨粒磨损和氧化磨损;在腐蚀介质环境下,AZ91镁合金的摩擦因数随载荷增大表现为先减小后趋于平稳,且与干摩擦条件下相比稍有下降,主要是由于腐蚀介质加入后产生了润滑的效果,其主要磨损失效形式表现为磨粒磨损和氧化磨损,以及Cl-的侵蚀影响,失效较为严重;AZ91镁合金在腐蚀磨损后,其磨痕区周围出现了大量点蚀坑,且点蚀坑的数量明显多于磨痕区。     

Q_2黄土调整吸力的非饱和三轴压缩试验研究

通过对Q2黄土进行调整吸力的非饱和三轴压缩试验,研究了浸水湿化程度对Q2黄土力学特性的影响。试验表明:不同浸水湿化程度的Q2黄土,其应力应变曲线为弱软化型,浸水湿化程度越高,软化程度越弱,浸水湿化至饱和时可近似看作理想硬化型;轴向应变较小时,Q2黄土的天然结构保持良好,应力随应变的增大而增大,随着轴向应变进一步增大,其天然结构逐渐被破坏,应力随之先缓慢上升后逐渐减小直至稳定;浸水湿化会同时引起土体应力状态和土体结构的改变,屈服应力随浸水湿化程度的提高而减小,在浸水湿化接近饱和时屈服应力变化最快,土体结构变化最大;形成年代早的Q2黄土细粒质量分数高,结构特征区别于Q3黄土,因而呈现出不同的力学特征。     

温度循环变化下高庙子膨润土持水特性

采用高精度温湿度传感器直接量测吸力的方法,研究了高庙子膨润土在温度循环变化条件下的持水特性。试验结果表明:高庙子膨润土的持水能力随温度升高而下降,温度对持水曲线的影响与含水率相关,含水率越高,温度影响越显著;在温度循环变化过程中吸力呈现出滞后性,对于低含水率试样,降温段吸力高于升温段吸力,而对于高含水率试样,降温段吸力则低于升温段吸力。不同含水率下温度及其循环对持水曲线影响的差异性,与膨润土中随温度变化层间水与毛细水之间的转化密切相关。     

膨润土-砂混合型缓冲／回填材料液塑限试验

为研究掺砂率对高庙子膨润土一砂混合型缓冲／回填材料液塑限的影响,利用液塑限联合测定仪进行了试验研究,并运用最小二乘法对混合物液塑限试验数据进行了分析。试验结果表明膨润土一砂混合物的可塑性、液塑限值和塑性指数均随掺砂率的增大而降低。对试验结果进行分析,得到了考虑掺砂率影响的混合物液塑限经验公式。混合物的液塑限并不是随掺砂率增大成比例降低,而是液限的实测值小于理论值,塑限的实测值大于理论值。得到的不同掺砂率的膨润土一砂混合型缓冲／回填材料液塑限试验数据可为高放废物深地质处置库建设提供科学依据。     

南水北调中线工程安阳段渠坡换填土的强度特性研究

为了分析南水北调中线工程安阳段渠坡的稳定性,对该渠坡换填土在不同含水率下进行了不固结不排水三轴剪切试验.研究结果表明:剪切速率对基质吸力的影响较大,而对强度的影响较小;通过比较确定了合适的剪切速率;含水率相同的试样在不同围压下的强度值在pf -qf坐标上呈良好的线性关系;得到了试样在不同含水率下的总强度指标,建立了总内...     

试件水灰比和胶砂比对混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀速度影响

通过大量试验,采用强度指标研究了试件水灰比和胶砂比对硫酸盐侵蚀速度的影响.结果表明:试件的水灰比越大,胶砂比越小,侵蚀速度越快;为了加快硫酸盐侵蚀速度,宜采用大水灰比、小胶砂比的试件.在各种条件下,硫酸钠侵蚀破坏的速度比硫酸镁侵蚀快.对硫酸钠型侵蚀,采用抗折抗蚀系数作为判定指标较为合理,而对硫酸镁型侵蚀,应该综合考虑抗折抗蚀系数和抗压抗蚀系数.     

Transverse relaxation characteristic and stress relaxation model considering molecular chains of HTPB coating based on pre-strained thermal aging

In order to accurately describe the transverse relaxation characteristic and stress relaxation modulus of HTPB coating during pre-strain thermal aging process, a one month thermal aging test was carried out at 70 C with pre-strain of 0％, 3％, 6％ and 9％, respectively. The low-field 1H NMR and stress relaxation modulus tests were carried out for HTPB coating at different aging stages. The stress relaxation model considering the molecular chains was proposed according to the changes of crosslinking chain and dangling chain of HTPB coating during pre-strain aging. The results showed that with the increase of aging time, the decay rate of transverse relaxation curve became faster, the transverse relaxation time decreased, the value of combined parameter qMrl increased, the proportion of crosslinking chain decreased, while the proportion of dangling chain increased. Moreover, the stress relaxation modulus increased, the crosslinking network structure of HTPB coating became denser and the degree of cross-linking increased. At the initial aging stage, the pre-strain will destroy the crosslinking network structure of HTPB coating to a certain extent. With the increase of aging time, the effect of pre-strain will gradually weaken and the influence of aging on materials will gradually increase. The correlations between the stress relaxation model considering the molecular chains and the test results were more than 0.9950, which can accurately describe the stress relaxation modulus of HTPB coating during the pre-strain thermal aging process.     

Effect of change of sand properties on travel distance of ricocheted debris

The debris from exploded buildings can ricochet after colliding with the ground, thus increasing the debris travel distance and danger from any associated impacts or collisions. To reduce this danger, the travel distance of ricocheted debris must be accurately predicted. This study analyzed the change in the travel distance of ricocheted concrete debris relative to changes in the properties of a sand medium. Direct shear tests were conducted to measure the change in internal friction angle as a function of temperature and water content of the sand. Finite element analysis (FEA) was then applied to these variables to predict the speed and angle of the debris after ricochet. The FEA results were compared with results of low-speed ricochet experiments, which employed variable temperature and water content. The travel distance of the debris was calculated using MATLAB, via trajectory equations considering the drag coefficient. As the internal friction angle decreased, the shear stress decreased, leading to deeper penetration of the debris into the sand. As the loss of kinetic energy increased, the velocity and travel distance of the ricocheted debris decreased. Changes in the ricochet velocity and travel distance of the debris, according to changes in the internal friction angle, indicated that the debris was affected by the environment.     

纳米SiC晶须增强铜基纳米复合材料摩擦学性能研究

采用粉末冶金法制备了添加纳米SiC晶须（n-SiCw）的铜基纳米复合材料（SiCw／Cu）。研究了复合材料的显微组织、密度、硬度与n-SiCw含量之间的关系，通过球／盘式摩擦磨损试验机研究了SiCw／Cu复合材料的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明：随n-SiCw含量增加，基体中孔隙增多，并出现n-SiCw的偏聚，复合材料的密度减小，硬度增加；当n-SiCw含量为0．3wt％时，材料的减摩、耐磨性能最好；SiCw／Cu复合材料的磨损机制为疲劳磨损和磨粒磨损，并以疲劳磨损为主。     

Experimental study on the detonation process of a pulse detonation engine with ionized seeds

An experimental platform of a pulse detonation engine (PDE) was established to study the effect of different K₂CO₃ ionized seed mass contents on the detonation process. The pressure and ion concentration were detected in the detonation process of the PDE with different contents of ionized seeds. The initiation process of the PDE at different ignition frequencies was studied. The results show that the gas conductivity in the detonation process increased by adding ionized seeds to the PDE tube, and the conductivity increased with the increase in ionized seed mass content. With the increase in ionized seed mass content, the range of the conductivity decreased. The PDE was successfully ignited and formed a stable detonation wave at ignition frequencies of 5 Hz and 10 Hz, and the peak pressure of the stable detonation with the ignition frequency of 5 Hz was 17% higher than that with an ignition frequency of 10 Hz. The detonation wave intensity was weakened and degenerated to a shock wave that propagated in the tube without the fuel filled at the ignition frequency of 20 Hz.