反舰导弹喷口及尾焰辐射温度测量方法研究

针对反舰导弹飞行过程中红外辐射特性测量的难题,提出了一种红外目标辐射特性测量和标定方法,可实现对发动机尾喷口和尾焰辐射温度分布的测量。依据靶场环境特性,论证了红外光学系统的作用距离。红外辐射特性测量系统可实现反舰导弹飞行过程发动机工作状态的监控和辐射温度分布测量。     

大攻角下基于卡尔曼滤波的大气参数修正算法

针对新一代航空飞行器在大攻角飞行时大气数据系统测量精度严重下降问题,提出了基于卡尔曼滤波的大气参数修正算法。该算法利用大气数据测量信息和惯性导航信息,基于飞行器力学方程构建卡尔曼滤波器,通过卡尔曼滤波的方法实现对大气参数的修正。仿真结果表明,经卡尔曼滤波修正后的大气参数能够有效消除大攻角下原始大气参数的剧烈波动性误差,并与真实大气参数吻合较好,有效的提高了大气数据系统在大攻角飞行状态下的测量精度和可靠性。     

高温压缩引伸计设计与标定

本文介绍了高温压缩引伸计的设计与标定。这种引伸计,适用于高温和室温压缩时变形测量,其结构简单,装夹方便,测量变形精度高。具有造价低、重量轻、实用的特点。     

一种改进的机载反辐射导弹作战效能评估方法

大气波导对反辐射导弹作战效能将产生一定的影响。根据机载反辐射导弹攻击水面目标的作战流程确定评估指标,基于传统的概率评估方法,引入大气波导影响因子,建立一种改进的大气波导条件下机载反辐射导弹作战效能模型。应用实例表明在大气波导条件下反辐射导弹的作战效能有所提升,符合大气波导对反辐射导弹作战能力产生有利影响的实际情况,验证了该模型的有效性和实用性,为机载反辐射导弹作战效能评估提供了一种新的方法和途径。     

水下集矿作业车运动光学实时跟踪测量系统

集矿作业车是大洋采矿系统的关键技术,在实验定型阶段,高精度的测量集矿作业车的运动学参数是检验集矿作业车的牵引、控制等模块性能必不可少的环节。针对集矿作业车在水中行进、活动范围较大的特点,提出了利用广角镜头进行双目交会测量的光学方法,实现了集矿作业车运动轨迹实时跟踪测量系统。该系统首先在实验室内利用网格板对广角镜头的畸变进行修正;其次,在现场,根据场景中的自然特征,在室内标定的基础上,修正镜头畸变,标定摄像机内外参数;最后,两台摄像机跟踪集矿作业车上的合作特征,实时交会测量获得集矿作业车的运动轨迹,包括位置、速度等。该系统的测量结果与全站仪测量结果的残差为5mm。系统已正式通过验收,并投入使用。     

一种对流层电波折射误差修正方法

对流层大气折射造成的电波折射误差是影响雷达测量数据,尤其是低仰角数据质量的主要误差源之一。对对流层折射误差进行了分析,并对修正方法进行研究。给出了一种直接利用雷达测量量进行折射修正的迭代算法。通过仿真计算表明,该方法在保证计算精度的同时,满足了实时修正的速度要求。     

基于红外辐射计的物体光谱发射率测量方法

发射率是测量红外辐射特性中的重要参数,直接影响测量的精度。在传统的能量法测发射率的基础上进行改进,利用红外辐射计MR170测量目标的光谱辐射亮度并在同一温度相同波段下建立一标准黑体模型,对目标光谱发射率进行求解。实验验证该方法可以获得满意的测量结果。对实验求取的光谱发射率进行误差分析,结果显示误差小于3%。     

舰船雷达电波折射修正新方法研究

为了提高雷达精度,舰船雷达一般都进行电波折射误差修正.由于无法精确测量大气剖面,故舰船雷达的电波折射修正精度较低.文中提出了一种基于微波辐射计大气遥感的电波折射实时修正新方法,它不仅具有全天候、实时性、机动性等特点,而且可以直接测量出电波传播路径上的大气附加时延积分,从而直接给出距离误差修正量.经与常用的2种电波折射修正方法比较,证明它的精度较高.     

舰炮武器试验中目标坐标真值修正方法

为保证舰炮武器系统动态精度解算结果的准确性,分析了舰炮武器系统动态精度试验中,GPS作为目标瞬时坐标真值测量设备时,因其安装位置与雷达跟踪测量中心不重合所引起的误差,并提出了一种简便、可行的误差修正方法。给出了误差修正示例,比较分析了GPS不同安装位置所引起的误差,为类似试验中目标瞬时坐标真值的处理提供参考。     

地面热成像系统观察条件下目标能见度模型

本文在研究大气自我传输特性的基础上,对目标与背景的辐射传输特性进行了分析,提出了大气干扰辐射度,视辐射对比度和视辐射对比阈的概念,推导了地面热成像系统观察条件下的目标能见度模型公式,并通过实验初步验证了该能见度模型公式的可信性。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.