西北工业大学在新疆构建科技园区

3月12日．平阳重工荣获国内和国际两个版本的由中国合格评定国家认可委员会颁发的《中国合格评定国家认可委员会实验室认可证书》。中国合格评定国家认可委员会（CNAS）是经国家认可监督管理委员会授权,负责实施合格评定国家认可制度的组织．是国际实验室认可合作组织（ILAC）和亚太地区实验室认可合作组织（APLAC）多边互认协议成员。     

美国、日本、韩国及欧盟的合格评定

美国的合格评定美国是个市场经济很发达的国家,检测认证机构已在市场运行了100多年,形成了一个完善、发达的检验认证体系和市场。现已成为第三产业中一个重要的行业和政府质量监督执法的技术保障机构。美国的合格评定机构和体系由政府和商业机构两部分组成。美国是个联邦制的国家,各州政府有很大的行政独立性,但联邦政府对涉及公共安全与医疗健康产品认证,为避免州一级政     

刍议加强对合格供方选择评定工作的监督

在军工产品研制生产中,外购器材、外协件(以下简称外购外协件)是构成武器装备的重要一环,也是影响产品质量的关重因素,如何选择、评定合格供方尤为重要。近年来,由于高新技术装备和信息化装备的发展,武器装备的集成度越来越高、技术越来越复杂,专业不断细化,所需的外购外协件不断增加,这就对选择、评定合格供方带来了新问题,同样也对军代表的监督工作提出了新的要求。针对这种情况,有必要探索加强此项工作监督的方法措施,以确保合格供方选择准确、评定科学,确保装备生     

建立现代企业民兵、预备役工作新机制

党的十四届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于建立社会主义市场经济体制若干问题的决定》指出:“以公有制为主体的现代企业制度是社会主义市场经济体制的基础”。所谓现代企业制度,是指在市场经济条件下,以规范和完善的企业法人制度为主体,以有限责任为核心的新型企业制度。其基本特点:一是产权关系明晰;二是企业依法自主生产经营,自负盈亏;三是出     

谈产品例外放行和可靠追回

GB/T 19001—ISO 9001中4.10.3b)要求“在所要求的检验和试验完成或必需的报告收到和验证前,不得将产品放行,除非有可靠追回程序时才可例外放行。”这里提出了产品的例外放行和可靠追回问题,现就此进行探讨。一、产品正常放行及例外放行1.正常放行在相应的质量法规和各个生产企业的内部管理制度中,都有一个组织生产的“三不”规定。即生产企业组织生产时,应该执行“未经检验合格的原材料、外购器材不得投入生产;未经检验合格的半成品、零部件不得转入     

借鉴欧盟标准实施途径推进我国民爆行业标准化工作

本文介绍了欧盟标准化与合格评定的新途径，对欧盟标准化工作及其合格评定的程序进行了阐述。在分析我国民爆行业标准化工作现状和存在问题的基础上，提出了借鉴欧盟方法，提高我国民爆行业标准化工作水平的建议。     

企业发展与SA8000社会责任标准

一、SA8000及其发展SA8000(SocialAccountability8000)是一些非政府国际组织联合欧美的跨国公司,根据国际劳工组织公约、世界人权宣言以及联合国儿童权益公约,制定了SA8000社会责任标准。SA8000是全球首个关乎道德、人权规范的标准,其宗旨通过对劳工权利保护的合格评定来推进企业的人权保证,它要求制造商、供应商和经销商的制造、供应和经销行为符合国际社会对其的社会责任要求。SA8000要求企业所提供的产品符合最低劳工标准,并且拒绝进口那些没有达到SA8000要求的制造商和供应商的产品。通过非政府组织和企业的联合行动,使劳工权利保…     

计量器具出厂合格证不能代替检定证书

为避免不合格产品流入市场和用户手中,生产厂家必须对其产品进行出厂检验,合格品开具出厂合格证,对计量器具而言,出厂合格证是否可以替代检定合格证书,仍存在不同的认识。我国现行计量检定合格印证包括检定证书,检定合格印和检定合格证。检定合格印证是对被检计量器具计量性能的认可,它是计量器具可信的标志,是计量器具使用的凭证,是调解、仲裁、审理、判决计量纠纷案件的法律依据,因而是具有权威性和法制性的一种标志和证明。而计量器具的出厂检验作为企业内部质量管理的一个重要环节,体现的是企业内部质量管理职能,它的执行者…     

建立现代企业制度的难点与对策

现代企业制度是以产权制度为核心,适应社会化大生产的客观要求,反映社会主义市场经济体制的内在联系,使企业真正成为面向国内、国际市场的法人实体和市场竞争主体的一种企业制度。现代企业制度是中国创立的,国外没有叫现代企业制度的。我国之所以把这种企业制度称之为现代企业制度,我们理解这个现代企业制度中的现代一词具有双重含义:一是相对于我国原有的计划经济体制下的传统工厂制度而言;二是从对企业制度发展史的角度而言,相对于独资企业和合伙企业而言。建立现代企业制度的难点分析建立现代企业制度是企业改革基本取向的继续,是企业改革实践的     

兵工企业中建立现代企业制度基本思路

兵工企业中建立现代企业制度基本思路张海新现代企业制度是以企业法人制度为基础,以有限责任制度和公司制形式为特征的产权清晰、权责明确、政企分开、管理科学的企业制度。兵工企业改革的目标兵工企业改革的基本目标是逐步建立起既能适应市场经济要求,又能体现行业特点...     

基于扩张观测器的三维有限时间收敛导引律

为了保证视线角速率在弹目碰撞前收敛到零附近的较小邻域内从而达到准平行接近的状态,本文基于自抗扰控制的不确定性估计补偿思想,应用反演控制方法设计了一种考虑导弹自动驾驶仪二阶动态特性和目标机动的三维有限时间收敛导引律。根据有限时间收敛控制理论,严格证明了系统的有限时间收敛特性;为抑制量测噪声,将传统跟踪微分器进行改进并应用于扩张状态观测器与反演控制的设计中。仿真结果表明:在自动驾驶仪响应延迟情况下,所设计的导引律能够导引导弹在有限时间内精确地拦截高速机动目标;改进的跟踪微分器精度高、响应快;基于改进跟踪微分器的扩张观测器估计效果理想。     

READY,SET, TRACE

Tracing small arms and light weapons has been identified as an important component in reducing the illicit trafficking of weapons to regions of conflict as well as use in violent crime. At the national, regional and international levels policy makers and practitioners are working to make tracing more effective. This article outlines some of the key elements of an effective tracing regime and reviews where areas of agreement currently exist. It concludes with observations on some of the challenges facing countries as they try to implement these systems and respond to the problem of illicit arms trafficking.     

Consumer drone evolutions: trends,spaces, temporalities,threats

ABSTRACT

While the drone has become synonymous with the War on Terror, the asymmetric iconography of the battlefield is shifting. Commercially available off-the-shelf (COTS) drones are increasingly prevalent features of global battlefields, employed by non-state actors in both visualising such spaces, and the directing and inflicting of harm. As such usage increases, so too do concerns around their evolving adoption, adaptation, and potential portability into homeland spheres. While cognizant of the range of positive drone applications, it is asserted that drones nonetheless remain simultaneously bound to an inverse potential for exploitation. In examining drone risk, this article approaches the consumer drone through a series of sites and spaces through which it is technically and socially constructed. Reflecting upon industry innovation, community-driven experimentation, and evolving airspace – it calls for greater attention to the drone’s malleability, arguing that understandings of COTS drones must remain attentive to both drone potential and potential drone threat.     

Drones,spies, terrorists,and second-class citizenship in Pakistan

This essay reviews seven recent books and reports that focus upon the use of US armed drones in Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). This essay synthesizes a historical account of the program, critically interrogates key arguments and evidence advanced by the authors, and draws attention the particular problems that confront those who live in the FATA and the second-class citizenship that the Pakistani state has bestowed upon them for reasons of domestic and foreign policy concerns. This review essay does not intend to be the final word on any of the ongoing policy debates. But it does hope to enable a wider audience to take part in these important deliberations.     

COOPERATION,SIGNALS, AND SANCTIONS

This paper uses game theory and modeling to address the role of incentive structures and information dynamics in nuclear inspections. The traditional argument is that compliant states should be willing to allow inspections to prove their innocence, while proliferating states are likely to impede inspections. This argument does not take into account the historical variation in inspection, signaling, and sanctioning behaviors. Using a game theoretic analysis and model, it is shown that the separation of proliferators from nonproliferators only occurs when the likelihood of proliferation is high and punishment costs are moderate. The model assumes that states can choose how much to cooperate with inspectors and must pay opportunity or secrecy costs when inspections are effective. The results are tested against a set of real-life cases, providing support for the claims of historical variation and the model's deductive propositions.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Ethnicity,class, and civil war: the role of hierarchy,segmentation, and cross-cutting cleavages

Why are some countries prone to ethno-nationalist conflict, whereas others are plagued by class conflict? This is a question that has seldom been raised and rarely been examined empirically. This paper presents a social-structural theory to account for the variable incidence of these two forms of political instability. These two types of conflict result from distinct principles of group solidarity – ethnicity and class – and since each individual is simultaneously a member of an ethnic group (or many such groups) and a particular class, these two principles vary in the degree to which they are mutually exclusive or cross-cutting. The degree of economic stratification between groups and economic segmentation within them shapes the relative salience of each principle of group solidarity in any society and is associated with a characteristic form of political mobilization. In places where between-group inequalities are high, and within-group inequalities low, ethnicity should be the dominant principle of group solidarity and serve as the primary basis of group conflict. By contrast, in countries where between-group inequalities are low, and within-group inequalities high, class is more likely to serve as the dominant principle of group solidarity, and conflicts along class lines are more likely. We test these conjectures with data in over 100 countries on cross-cutting cleavages, ethnic war, and class conflict. The results are supportive of the theory, and provide evidence that how groups are stratified and segmented in societies shapes the type of civil war.