多目标跟踪系统测量结果识别算法分析

首先针对多目标自动跟踪问题,对测量结果的两种识别方法和判定规则进行了讨论,给出了目标状态模型、参数模型和探测模型,并对这些模型进行了评估,在此基础上重点分析了多目标自动跟踪状态下基于状态模型参数识别测量结果的算法。最后指出了这种算法的优缺点。     

基于EMA算法的变结构交互多模型算法

标准交互多模型(IMM)算法使用固定数目和时不变的模型集,往往不能兼顾算法的实时性与跟踪精度。基于增加期望模型(EMA)算法的思想,提出综合利用前一时刻的模型匹配概率与当前时刻的混合概率作为加权系数调整系统噪声模型集,调整后的模型集被认为非常接近系统实际噪声模型。将该模型集自适应技术与IMM算法结合得到一种变结构交互多模型(EMA-VIMM)算法。使用机动目标跟踪仿真实例,与标准IMM算法进行了仿真对比,分析了跟踪性能与RMSE误差。仿真结果表明,EMA-VIMM算法不仅极大地提高了跟踪精度,而且与标准IMM算法相比,具有稳定的跟踪性能和较低的计算量。     

几种机动目标运动模型的跟踪性能对比

机动目标跟踪是目标定位与跟踪领域研究的难点问题之一.在分析Singer模型、"当前"统计模型、速度估计自适应模型的基础上,对这三种模型及算法进行仿真,给出了上述三种模型跟踪机动目标的精度与实时性的比较结果.     

鱼雷目标定位跟踪技术

对鱼雷目标进行定位跟踪是舰艇反鱼雷的关键,报警声纳能够给出水下鱼雷目标的方位信息,但仅利用方位信息对鱼雷目标进行定位跟踪是不够的。对本水面舰艇舰壳声纳和拖线阵声纳纯方位协同探测可行性进行分析,并对协同探测条件下鱼雷目标定位跟踪算法进行探讨,建立可应用于鱼雷目标定位跟踪的滤波算法模型,对其定位精度进行分析,并与最小二乘算法进行比较,通过仿真比较,最终确定出可用于鱼雷目标定位跟踪的算法模型。     

自适应交互多模型算法在机动目标跟踪中的应用

针对多模型算法在机动目标跟踪中存在的问题,运用交互多模型算法(IMM)和自适应滤波理论,设计了一种自适应交互多模型算法(AIMM),结合目标运动模型对目标当前加速度和其方差进行估计,并在此基础上给出了AIMM中模型集和模型转移概率的设计方法,进行了计算机仿真.蒙特卡罗仿真结果表明,与标准IMM算法相比,该算法比IMM算法的跟踪性能有很大提高,跟踪复杂机动目标比IMM有更快的收敛速度,跟踪滞后问题得到较好的解决,跟踪目标的稳定性和精确性均优于IMM算法,有利于机动目标的实时跟踪.     

基于Jerk模型的一种改进多传感器数据融合算法

简要介绍了目前存在的一些机动模型和基于状态估计的滤波算法。将Jerk模型与强跟踪滤波算法有机地结合起来,并提出了一种通过时空综合分析的测量方差自适应估计方法以优化强跟踪滤波算法中次优渐消因子和滤波增益的在线选择,同时结合多传感器数据融合具有改善滤波精度的性质,最终给出了一种基于Jerk模型的改进多传感器数据融合算法。最后,通过蒙特卡罗仿真验证了该算法的有效性。     

一种自适应变结构交互式多模型算法

针对机动目标跟踪问题,提出了一种自适应变结构交互式多模型算法。对滤波问题进行了简单描述,并给出了交互式多模型算法的数学模型;建立了一种新的变结构交互式多模型算法的精确模型,模型子集之间并行独立运行,通过选取概率最高的模型子集的状态估计作为最终的估计结果;在变结构交互式多模型算法基础上进一步设计了自适应变结构交互式多模型算法,该方法提高了模型子集和目标实际机动模式的匹配程度,从而提高了目标跟踪精度。仿真结果表明,自适应变结构交互式多模型算法的跟踪效果优于其他方法。     

基于转弯模型的自适应交互式多模型跟踪算法

针对舰炮火控系统中搜索雷达对来袭导弹跟踪为背景,提出一种基于坐标转弯模型(CT)的自适应交互多模型跟踪算法(AIMM-CV/CT),模型集取为一个匀速和一个坐标转弯模型,滤波器采用各子滤波器模型噪声方差在线计算调整的自适应交互式多模型算法;给出了比例导引规律来袭导弹的航路仿真方法,并对AIMM-CV/CT与IMM-CV/CT算法进行了仿真比较.仿真结果证明了本文算法的正确性和有效性.     

密集杂波环境下一种新的机动目标跟踪算法

针对密集杂波环境下的机动目标跟踪问题,在传统方法基础上结合模糊推理的思想,提出一种模糊自适应交互多模型概率数据关联算法。该算法将目标运动模式分为机动和非机动两类区别对待,无需选取大量模型来覆盖机动目标的运动模式,而是动态调节模型集合中部分模型的参数,具有更强的自适应跟踪能力。最后,给出了算法的仿真分析,结果表明:该方法能够有效地跟踪密集杂波中的机动目标,并且跟踪性能较传统方法有所提高。     

基于DSP的电视跟踪系统算法设计

研究基于ADSP21020高速DSP芯片构成的实时电视跟踪系统的图象采集。分割、跟踪定位和跟踪波门设计等算法,并给出算法实现的流程图。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.